| 1 |
Author(s):
Adebowale Ayo S, Yusuf Oyindamola B, Gbadebo Babatunde M, Dahiru Tukur.
Page No :
|
Level and determinants of high fertility in two contrasting populations in Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined levels and determinants of high fertility in the north-west and south-west zones in
Nigeria. The study utilized 2013 nation-wide survey data on women aged 15-49 years (n=! 1,300).
Data were analysed using ANOVA, logistic-regression, Brass P/F-ratio, Brass-relational Gompertz
fertility and survival analysis models. About 44.4% of women in the north-west had high fertility
(CEB25) compared to 26.9% in the south-west. The refined TFR, childbearing transition probabilities
and progression rate were higher in the north-west (prr=0.2686) than south-west (prr=0.1709). The
extent at which the age location of childbearing in the north-west (a =-0.003, StdE=0.083) differs
from the standard was higher than south-west (a =-0.032, SE=0.95), but the fertility distribution
across ages in the south-west was narrower. The odds of high fertility was higher in the north-west
(OR= 2.18, C.1=1.99-2.37, p<0.001) than south-west. This odds barely changed when other factors
such as age, age at first-sex, age at first-birth, modern contraceptive use, wealth quintile, education,
religion, ethnicity, sex preference and ideal family size were controlled for. Fertility level was higher in
the north-west than south-west. Improving women’s education in the north-west may facilitate low
fertility in the region.
Keywords: Fertility levels, Transition probability, Nigeria
| 2 |
Author(s):
R. Scott Moreland.
Page No :
|
Can Nigeria Attain a Demographic Dividend?
Abstract
We used a demographic-economic simulation model to explore the possibility of Nigeria obtaining a
demographic dividend. The model, called, “DemDiv’, has been applied in several other sub-Saharan
African countries. Four scenarios were constructed and their results compared in terms of the level of
GDP and GDP per capita in the final year of the simulation. GDP in the final year (2050) is 1.6% higher
and GDP per capita is 27% higher under a scenario in which a successful family planning program is
implemented. The modelling results suggest that Nigeria can enter the ranks of lower middle income
economies and obtain a demographic dividend if it adopts appropriate family planning, education and
economic strategies.
Key words: demographic dividend, population growth, model, Nigeria, family planning
| 3 |
Author(s):
Eric O Udjo.
Page No : 3113-3143
|
Can Estimating Completeness of Death Registration be used as Evidence of Inaccuracy of Population Size Estimates from a Census? The Case of the 2011 South African Population Census
Abstract
Background: Knowledge about the size of the population is important for planning in any population.
The census is the traditional source of information about population size. Accuracy of census figures
can be in doubt even when a post-enumeration survey is used to adjust census figures. Results from the
three post-apartheid censuses in South Africa are controversial. South Africa has a long history of death
registration. Given the controversies surrounding South Africa’s censuses, this study examines whether
estimating completeness of death registration can be a tool for assessing the accuracy of the 201 |
official census population estimate. Implication of inaccuracy of census figures on life expectancy at
birth estimates is also examined.
Data Sources and Methods: The data for the study are South Africa’s 2001 and 2011 Censuses, 2001
and 2011 Deaths registration. Estimation of completeness of death registration was based on the
Growth Balance method.
Findings and Conclusion: The results indicate that using the official figures, the trend in completeness
of death registration is illogical largely due to over-estimation of the population size in 2011. This in
turn produces over-estimation of life expectancy at birth in South Africa. It is important to get
population figures as accurate as possible to avoid inefficient allocation of scarce resources.
Key words: Death registration completeness, life expectancy at birth, population size, post
enumeration survey, South Africa
| 4 |
Author(s):
Vesper H. Chisumpa, Nicole De Wet.
Page No : 3144-3165
|
Estimating regional variations in adult mortality in Zambia
Abstract
Background: A dearth of regional level adult mortality estimates exists in Zambia. Regional adult
mortality rates reflect inequalities in socioeconomic conditions and health service provision. Adult
mortality rates are useful indicators for monitoring effectiveness and impact of health interventions
(HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy (ART), tuberculosis (TB) and malaria) at regional level. Previous
studies have not produced adult mortality rates at regional level.
Data Source and Methods: Using data from the 2010 census, this study estimated adult mortality rates
at regional level for age group 15-59 years. Age-specific mortality rates (ASMRs), cause-specific
mortality rates (CSMRs), standardised mortality rates (SMRS) and probabilities of dying between age |5
and 60 years (4sq;5) were computed. Correlations with HIV prevalence and literacy rates, and mortality
rates were also computed.
Findings: Adult mortality rates varied across all provinces. The 4sq;5 was highest for males in Western
province, 59 % and lowest in North-western province, 36.7 %. For females, 4sq;5 was highest in
Copperbelt province, 47.9 % and lowest in North-western province, 34.8 %.
Conclusion: HIV prevalence and literacy rates were positively correlated with regional adult mortality
rates. Health policies and programmes aimed at reducing adult mortality should, therefore, be tailored
to recognise the regional variations in mortality rates.
Keywords: regional-variations, adult mortality, estimation, Zambia, standardised mortality rates
| 5 |
Author(s):
Leonard K. Cheserem, Joshua O. Akinyemi, Olusola Ayen.
Page No : 3166-3178
|
Regional variations in seasonality of births in Nigeria, 1990-2007: A trigonometric regression model approach
Abstract
Background: Seasonality of births in Nigeria has been previously addressed in a small number of
studies. This study was designed to explore and describe the regional variations in the seasonality of
births in Nigeria.
Data Source and Methods: A total of 82,827 births history data collected in the Nigerian Demographic
Survey 2008 were analyzed. It covered periods between January 1990 and December 2007. Seasonal
variation by month of birth was explored with the aid of correlogram. A classical time series
trigonometric regression model was fitted to describe the pattern of seasonality.
Findings: The reported monthly distribution for number of births showed a significant seasonal pattern
with a peak in May and corresponding minima in November. Birth patterns differ across the regions,
but in every region, births are concentrated in the first half of the year.
Conclusion: Though, birth seasonality is more pronounced in the northern part of the country, there
has been significant shift in the magnitude of variation in the 18 year period of study.
Keywords: Seasonality of Births, Time series, Correlogram, Magnitude of variation, Nigeria.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Christopher Isike, Kwame Owusu-Ampomah.
Page No : 3179-3193
|
A human security analysis of the situation of girls and young women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Abstract
Background: This paper is a product of a study which emanated from the need to get a nuanced
understanding of the situation of young women in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in South Africa to inform
evidence-based planning and programming. It aimed to analyse the lived experiences of girls and young
women in the province focusing on broad questions around the challenges they face daily and
interventions required to change their life circumstances in light of the socio-economic profile of the
province. Conceptual themes were developed around the Human Security framework to contextualise
the analysis.
Data and Methods: The study adopted a mixed methods approach in which qualitative and
quantitative methods were combined for data collection and analysis. Quantitative data was collected
from a randomly selected sample of 229 girls (aged 9-17 years) and young women (aged |8 - 35) from
four District Municipalities in KZN. The dataset was statistically analysed using the Statistical Package
for Social Sciences (SPSS). Qualitative data was generated through in-depth interviews, involvng key
stakeholders (16); and focus group discussions (nine sessions). The qualitative dataset was thematically
and hermeneutically analysed to generate insights into the lived experiences of the target population
and policy implementation and outcomes.
Results and conclusion: The findings show that majority of the respondents have difficulty accessing
reproductive health services available in the province. Also, they did not feel safe in their communities;
there was also evidence in support of the abolition of harmful cultural practices such as Ukuthwala
(forced marriage) and Ukuphelwa (female circumcision) which affect them. The paper concludes that it
will be self-destructive for the provincial government to ignore the lived experiences of the
respondents, which other studies show are not different from the lived experiences of girls and young
women in the province who, alongside boys and young men of similar age cohort, constitute over 70%
of the provincial population.
Key words: Girls, Young women; KwaZulu-Natal; Human Security; South Africa
| 7 |
Author(s):
Olayinka Akanle, Jimi O. Adesina.
Page No : 3194-3211
|
Remittances and Household Welfare in Nigeria
Abstract
Remittances remain among the most researched issues in contemporary international migrations,
poverty alleviation, welfare dynamics and development financing in developing countries. This is
particularly so as remittances continue to rival Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI) and it is being argued to be more effective in driving development than aid.
While studies exist on influences of remittances on household welfare in developing countries, many
more are needed to sufficiently understand the actual roles of remittances in households’ welfare in
Sub-Saharan Africa- one of the poorest regions in the world. The relationship between remittances and
household welfare has particularly not been sufficiently empirically tested in Nigeria- the most populous
nation in Africa, among the poorest countries in the world and the highest remittances receiving nation
in Africa. This article therefore examined the influence of remittances on households’ welfare in
Nigeria. This is a very important article considering the increasing trend of migration and efforts to
reduce poverty and inequality. Secondary and primary data were gathered for this article. Secondary
data were gathered through documents, journal articles and newspapers, among others, while primary
data were gathered through quantitative and qualitative methods between 2015 and 2016, Appreciable
positive relationships were found between remittances and household welfare. Unlike many previous
studies which claimed remittances receiving households mostly spend remittances on consumptions,
more robust expenditure patterns were found. Expression of welfare was also found to be beyond the
commonly noted to include important intangible welfare credits like community respect for remittances
receiving households. It is concuded that development experts, partners, governments, groups and
individuals should therefore better appreciate and appropriate both the financial and non-material
effects of remittances on inequality and poverty in developing countries especially of Africa.
Key Words: Remittances, Household Welfare, Lagos, Nigeria.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Acheampong Yaw Amoateng, Boitumelo Marilyn Patience Setlalentoa, Christopher Udomboso.
Page No : 3212-3224
|
Does religion affect alcohol and tobacco use among students at North-West University, South Africa?
Abstract
The present study used multidimensional measures of religion to assess religion’s influence in
engendering positive behaviours as measured by alcohol and tobacco use among a sample of
undergraduate students at the North-West University in South Africa. Multinomial logistic regression
model was used to examine the effect of religion on youth alcohol and tobacco use. Zero-order
correlations showed that measures of religion not only correlated positively with each other, but they
correlated negatively with both current use of alcohol and tobacco. Religious affiliation was insignificant,
but self-rated religiosity was positively associated with drinking among females who reported that they
always drink alcohol, frequency of church attendance increased the odds of drinking among females
who reported that they never drink compared to those who reported that they drink occasionally.
Social class, as measured by father’s education was negatively associated with both alcohol and tobacco
use. On the whole, religious commitment continues to act as the protective factor against these two
anti-social behaviours of the youth.
Keywords: Religion, Religiosity, Spirituality, Belief in God, Youth Behaviours.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Efe Mary Isike.
Page No : 3225-3233
|
A CONTACT THEORY ANALYSIS OF SOUTH AFRICANS’ PERCEPTIONS OF NIGERIAN IMMIGRATION
Abstract
Xenophobia targeted at African immigrants is a recurring problem that has made post-apartheid South
Africa notorious around the world. The dramatic and violent nature of this xenophobia which peaked in
May 2008 and April and October 2015 has raised questions about intergroup relations between South
Africans and African migrants. Although the two spates of attacks assumed a similar pattern, the
consequences differed. In 2015, the government took a firmer stand against xenophobia and African
countries stood up against the attacks on their citizens. This begs the question of whether contact
between the two groups has enabled concord or discord. Scholars have divergent views on the effect of
contact between diverse groups. This article explores South Africans’ perceptions of African
immigration through the lens of contact theory. A qualitative research methodology was adopted and
primary data was generated from interviews with 32 South African respondents. These respondents
were purposefully sampled from the social networks of 36 Nigerian migrants resident in Empangeni,
KwaZulu-Natal. The findings show that contact between Nigerian migrants and South Africans had a
paradoxical effect on the nature of the ties that evolved. In most cases, it fostered concord, while in
others it resulted in hostility and prejudice.
Keywords: Contact theory, entanglement, conviviality, exclusion and African immigration.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Ganzamungu Zihindula, Olagoke Akintola, Anna Meyer-Weitz.
Page No : 3234-3246
|
HOW DO POLICY DOCUMENTS RELEVANT TO REFUGEES ADDRESS ISSUES RELATING TO REFUGEE’S ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN SOUTH AFRICA?
Abstract
Background: There is very limited literature on the provisions contained in policies relevant to refugees
who seek health care services in South Africa. Yet, the need to understand how policy can influence
access to healthcare services for refugees is widely acknowledged.
Purpose: This study was conducted in order to examine ways in which policy documents relevant to
refugees address issues relating to refugees’ access to health care services.
Methods: Data for this study was derived from a review of policy documents relevant to refugees and
discussions with relevant stakeholders. Six provisions were identified that relate to the facilitation of
health care access among refugees. Twelve (n=12) relevant policy documents that met our inclusion
criteria were analysed in terms of the six provisions and particularly how it was framed.
Findings: The six provisions pertain to refugees’ rights and access to healthcare services, free access to
ART, access to mental health, screening upon arrival and provision of interpreters at public healthcare
facilities. The findings suggest that policy documents have not adequately addressed issues relating to
refugees’ access to health care services in South Africa. Of the 12 relevant policy documents selected,
only seven had one or two of the six provisions; the other five made no provision for refugees in South
Africa. In addition, most of the policy documents that address the issue of health care access for
refugees are international documents. Only four policy documents developed in South Africa contained
one or two of the six provisions.
Conclusion: Health policy makers should pay attention to the issues of refugee health within
government's limited financial and human resource capacity as it has important health ramifications for
the citizens and the country at large. Further, government and policy makers should also promote
access to resources to support health facility management and create greater awareness of national
health policies among practitioners and refugees.
Key words: Health policy, Refugees, Access to healthcare, South Africa
| 11 |
Author(s):
Sogo France Matlala.
Page No : 3247-3252
|
Ethical issues related to research on pregnant school-going teenagers in South Africa
Abstract
Background: This paper describes the procedures the researcher followed in order to both observe
and respect ethical issues when conducting research on pregnant teenagers attending secondary
schools in South Africa.
Data sources and methods: The paper draws on the literature to discuss pregnant school-attending
teenagers as a vulnerable population and indicates the measures the author took to respect ethical
issues.
Findings: Pregnant school-going teenagers in South Africa are vulnerable as they are young, pregnant
and under the authority of a school. Pregnancy amongst school-going teenagers is a public health issue
that requires research in order to yield solutions and pregnant teenagers are important participants in
such research as they have experiences and suggestions to share.
Conclusion: Researchers should ensure that pregnant teenagers are given sufficient information about
the research process so they can give informed voluntary consent to participate. Furthermore there
should be justice, confidentiality, anonymity and beneficence throughout the research process
Key words: Teenage pregnancy; informed voluntary consent; vulnerable population; research ethics;
learner pregnancy
| 12 |
Author(s):
David Shapiro, Basile O. Tambashe.
Page No : 3253-3270
|
FERTILITY, ETHNICITY, AND EDUCATION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
Abstract
In the mid-1950s, a massive survey in the present Democratic Republic of the Congo revealed sharp
ethnic fertility differentials. With the vast majority of women never having been to school, women’s
education was not, then, pertinent to fertility. Over the succeeding decades, women increasingly went
to school, especially in Kinshasa. This led to lower fertility in the capital, particularly for women with
secondary schooling. At the same time, fertility differences by ethnic group diminished in the city. This
paper examines fertility differences by education and by ethnicity in the entire country, distinguishing
Kinshasa, other urban places, and rural areas. We find that, over all, the increased importance for
fertility of education and reduced importance of ethnicity witnessed in Kinshasa is also apparent for the
entire country. Regarding the sources of ethnic differences in fertility, the findings support the social
characteristics hypothesis in cosmopolitan Kinshasa and the cultural hypothesis elsewhere.
Keywords: Fertility, fertility differentials, ethnicity, education, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Philomene Nsengiyumva and Gabriel Tati.
Page No : 3271-3281
|
Housing ownership among female migrants in South Africa: The case of metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas.
Abstract
In the study of female migration and housing acquisition, little has been elaborated about the magnitude
and the direction of female migrants in South African context. Furthermore, housing tenure status is still
under researched. Hence, the determinants of housing ownership, and how this differs across
metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas is not sufficiently documented in migration and housing
literature. This paper aims at identifying the factors contributing towards housing ownership among
internal female migrants, and the differentials in comparing metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas in
South Africa. This study makes use of the 2007 Community Survey data requested from Statistics South
Africa. Logistic regression analysis was performed to highlight the relationship between female
migration and housing ownership across areas. The key findings indicate that age, duration of residence,
housing type, and household size are the factors contributing towards housing ownership among female
migrants. The study found, further, that female migrants living in non-metropolitan areas are more likely
to own housing in relation to metropolitan areas.
Key words: Migration; housing ownership; Statistic South Africa
| 14 |
Author(s):
Juma Kiduanga .
Page No : 3282-3292
|
Challenges for Urban Housing Development for Improving Livelihoods and Well-being of Population of Low-Income Group in Tanzania: The Case of Dar es Salaam
Abstract
Development of housing is essential source of improved livelihoods and well-being of rapid population
growth. Data collected from a sample population of 186 respondents and that gathered through
documentary analysis revealed that urban housing in Dar es Salaam is facing a challenge in accumulation
for the population to improve their livelihood and well-being. The challenge is attributed to low
capability level of the population in taping financial resource from micro institutions to expand housing.
The conclusion made in the paper is enhancing capability of the population in accessing finance form
micro institutions is crucial for them to expand housing which is the main source for improving their
livelihood and well-being. The following are suggested to enhance the capability of the population:
There is a need to provide training to the population on the use of the NGOs to get housing finance
and also encourage them to become members of SACCOS. These will enable to access finance from
the institutions another policy consideration is that there is a need for the officials of the finance
institutions to visit the population in order to identify their needs related to housing improvement. Also
there is a need to raise accountability in institutions involved in supplying water, electricity and land so
as the population can acquire the facilities adequately as part in the housing development.
Keywords: urban housing, low-income population, livelihood
| 15 |
Author(s):
Anuoluwapo. A. Durokifa, E.0.C. Ijeoma.
Page No : 3293-3306
|
THE POST-APARTHEID XENOPHOBIC ATTACKS IN SOUTH AFRICA: A REFLECTION ON GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCES.
Abstract
South Africa has witnessed series of xenophobic violence since the end of apartheid in 1994. The
reoccurrence of these attacks has raised concerns in many quarters as to whether the Government has
done enough to stop the attacks. Using a desktop methodology, the study unpacked Government
response to the xenophobic attacks and tried to establish the various factors that may have contributed
to xenophobic sentiments. The paper argues that the initiatives implemented by the Government not
be effective in curbing the attack. It further argues that the South African Government may have
indirectly contributed to the reoccurrence of these attacks on foreigners. The paper asserts that
combatting xenophobic violence is more than merely altering or implementing a policy but requires
addressing the fundamental basis that triggers conflict on which citizens lay their claim.
Keywords: South Africa; Xenophobia; Racism; Post-Apartheid; Immigrants.
| 16 |
Author(s):
John Lekan OYEFARA.
Page No : 3324-3332
|
Power dynamics, gender relations and decision-making regarding induced abortion among university students in Nigeria
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of gender and power relations on decision-making regarding induced
abortion among undergraduate students in Nigeria. The qualitative in-depth interview method of data
collection was utilised to elicit data on the objectives of the study. Findings of the study reveal four
dimensions of gender and power relations that have significant impact on decision-making regarding
induced abortion in the study location. The four essential forms of gender and power relations
identified are: i.) Male-female power relations, ii.) Parent-child power relations, iii.) Significant order and
power relations among peers, and iv.) Lecturer-student power relations. These four typologies of
gender and power relations among other things promote a detrimental culture of clandestine and
unsafe induced abortion among single young undergraduate students in Nigeria. Based on the findings of
the study, there is a need to strengthen the existing structure that promotes gender equality in the
country. In addition, young female students that are sexually active should be empowered to adopt
efficient and effective contraception. Furthermore, there is a need to build the capacity of Nigerian
female undergraduate students especially in the areas of self-dignity and self-esteem in order for them
to take right decisions whenever an unwanted pregnancy occurs.
Key words: Power Dynamics, Gender Relations, Decision-making, Induced Abortion, Nigeria.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Moses Olaniran Olawole.
Page No : 3333-3343
|
Unmet travel needs and quality of life of rural elderly in osun state, Nigeria
Abstract
Mobility is fundamental to economic development, social inclusion and quality of life of the elderly.
Available studies on mobility of the elderly in Nigeria are limited on the degree of knowledge they
provide on issues such as travel demand, unmet travel needs and the impact of transport services on
quality of life of the elderly in rural areas. This paper explores mobility characteristics, unmet travel
needs and the impacts of travel characteristics on the quality of life of rural elderly in Osun State,
Nigeria. Data were obtained using questionnaire survey through multistage sampling techniques from
273 elderly in 60 rural settlements. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis.
The results showed that trips generated vary across trip purposes with work trips accounting for the
highest trip generated. Travel distance was found to be within | km distance of respondents’ residence
and accounted for 76.28% total trip travel distance. Walking was the primary mode of travel for the
trips to work/farm (48.36%), religious centres (85.42%) and relative (93.57%). The study also showed
that 30.77% of the elderly rated their quality of life poor and another 37.36% very poor. Most of the
elderly who with poor and very poor quality of life also experienced high rate of unmet travel needs.
The study identified unmet travel needs include trips to: work (18.68%), hospital (24.91%), religious
(24.91%), relative (11.36%) and other trips (20.14%). The reasons identified as responsible for the
unfulfilled travel needs include bad roads, poor health, unreliable transport services, behavior of
transport services providers, irregular transport services and issues of safety. The study concluded that
the varied travel needs and challenges of the elderly can be improve through a realistic understanding of
the needs, using strategies that forge partnerships between and among public and private stakeholders
in the transport sectors.
Keywords: Mobility, unmet travel needs, elderly, rural areas, Nigeria
| 18 |
Author(s):
Olatunji Alabi, Olugbenga A. Oyedokun, Henry V. Doctor, Sunday A. Adedini.
Page No : 3344-3355
|
Determinants of under-five mortality clustering in a health and demographic surveillance system in Zamfara State, northern Nigeria
Abstract
Despite global reduction, under-5 mortality remains high in most developing countries and tends to
cluster among certain individuals, households and communities. We assess levels and factors influencing
under-5 mortality clustering in a rural setting in northern Nigeria. Data were collected from January
2011 to December 2013 at Nahuche Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Binomial
distribution and Poisson regression model were used to assess family level clustering and factors
associated with under-5 mortality clustering. Results show that there was under-5 mortality clustering,
with 5% of the compounds accounting for 35% of all deaths. Surviving beyond infancy was associated
with reduced incidence rate of under-5 mortality clustering (p<0.05). Child’s age, source of drinking
water and type of provider at delivery during the most recent birth (p<0.05) influenced under-5
mortality clustering. Findings call for evidence-based policies to reduce under-5 mortality.
Keywords: Under-5 mortality; Mortality clustering; INDEPTH Network; Nigeria
| 19 |
Author(s):
Emmanuel O. Olamijuwon, Clifford O. Odimegwu, Jeremy Gumbo, Vesper H. Chisumpa.
Page No : 3356-3368
|
Single motherhood and marasmus among under-five children in Sub-Saharan Africa: a regional analysis of prevalence and correlates
Abstract
Despite efforts aimed at improving child health status globally, marasmus remains a health burden in
sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) and an important risk factor for illnesses and death, especially among young
children. Using pooled data from the latest (2010-2014) demographic and health surveys of 21-SSA
countries, we examined the relationship between single motherhood and marasmus among under-fives
in SSA. Multivariate logistic regression was fitted on a representative sample of 59,013 under-fives who
were either marasmic or physically healthy. Contrary to some studies, we found no evidence that
single-motherhood was associated with the risk of marasmus in SSA and its sub-regions regions. Results
from the regression analysis revealed that the risk of marasmus was lower for under-fives of single
mothers in West Africa (OR=0.72 Cl:0.508-1.016), East Africa (OR=0.55 C1:0.230-1.299), Central
Africa (OR=0.88 Cl:0.522-1.487) and SSA (OR=0.87 Cl:0.699-1.070) but higher in Southern Africa
(OR= 1.32 Cl:0.899- 1.946) all compared to under-fives of married mothers.
Keywords: single motherhood; under-five; marasmus; malnutrition; sub-Sahara Africa
| 20 |
Author(s):
Ikeola Adeoye, Gbenga Quadri, Sunday A. Adedini.
Page No : 3369-3382
|
Maternal health care utilization and neonatal mortality in Nigeria: looking beyond the micro-level pathway of influence
Abstract
Neonatal mortality is a neglected but largely preventable public health challenge in Nigeria. The country
contributes the largest number of neonatal deaths in Africa, and this is an important reason for the
failure of the country to meet Millennium Development Goal (MDG4) of reducing child mortality.
Maternal health services provide the platform for delivering cost-effective interventions that reduce
maternal and child mortality. Thus, we examined the relationship between the utilization of maternal
health services and neonatal mortality in Nigeria by carrying out a multilevel Cox proportional
regression analysis of the most recent Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2013 NDHS) in order
to decompose the micro and macro level factors on the pathway of influence for neonatal mortality.
Hazards of neonatal death were significantly lower for children whose mothers had 4 or more antenatal
visits by skilled providers (HR: 0.78, Cl: 0.61-0.98, p<0.05) and whose mothers received postnatal care
from skilled provider (HR: 0.41, Cl: 0.30-0.56, p<0.05) even after adjusting for other control variables.
There was also a significantly elevated hazards of neonatal mortality for mothers in rural areas (HR:
1.44, Cl: 1.09-1.90). Our findings highlight the importance of maternal health care services for neonatal
mortality reduction especially in the rural areas.
Keywords: Neonatal mortality, maternal health care, multilevel analysis, continuum of care, Nigeria,
| 21 |
Author(s):
Akinyinka Akinyoade, Eugenia Appiah, Sola Asa.
Page No : 3383-3394
|
Census-taking in Nigeria: The good, the technical, and the politics of numbers
Abstract
This paper examines the historical context of census-taking and its importance to development
trajectory of Nigeria from 1866 to 2006. Secondary data obtained from five-year national development
plans, archival records, in-depth interviews and extant demographic literature were used to determine
how population census exercises has evolved in a 140-year period, the problem of counting Nigerians
living in Nigeria, and the politics of using population as a yardstick for distributing national wealth. The
study shows that nearly all censuses were found to be grossly inadequate, tradition of conducting
censuses every ten years has not taken root in Nigeria, and colonial administration as well as post-
independence governments grappled with politics of numbers for socio-economic development
planning. Despite flaws, the 1991 census remains relatively acceptable amidst fifteen complete and
incomplete censuses ever taken in Nigeria in the period under study.
Key words: Census, Development, de Facto
| 22 |
Author(s):
Laura B. Nolan, Rachel Lucas, Yoonjoung Choi, Madeleine Short Fabic, Jacob Adetunji.
Page No : 3395-3407
|
The contribution of demographic and health survey data to population and health policymaking: evidence from three developing countries
Abstract
This paper investigates how and why DHS data were used in select health policy decision-making
processes and how best the use of evidence can be supported in future. We use data from in-depth
interviews with 22 professionals working in health and policy think-tanks, government agencies,
foundations, survey research, and non-government organizations. We undertake a cross-case thematic
analysis of the interview content and available documents to develop three case studies (Malawi, India,
and Rwanda) of evidence-based policymaking. These case studies outline the way in which DHS data
were used in a variety of policymaking contexts and how it facilitated policymakers’ appreciation of the
scope of problems, highlighted mismatch between population health needs and service provision,
supported advocacy efforts, provided concise and compelling issue framing, and catalyzed high-level
political commitments. The paper presents a framework that can be used to understand the use of
evidence in health policy decision-making in developing countries.
Keywords: Health policy, population health, survey data, developing countries
| 23 |
Author(s):
Mary O. Obiyan, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Olufemi M. Adetutu, Funmilola F. Oyinlola.
Page No : 3408-3420
|
Fertility, labour force participation and poverty among married women in Nigeria
Abstract
Context: Previous studies have established increasing female employment and fertility transition in
developed countries and improved social welfare. However, findings on female employment, fertility
transition and poverty incidence have shown mixed results in Nigeria. The paper examined critical
issues of fertility, female employment and poverty incidence among women of reproductive ages in
Nigeria. Specifically, we examined the linkages between fertility, female employment, and household
wealth to enrich our understanding of the relationships among characteristics.
Method: We analysed the 2013 Nigeria DHS dataset. The association of fertility, female employment,
and poverty incidence was assessed using Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression.
Results: Female employment was positively related to fertility rate and negatively related to household
wealth. Other significant predictors of fertility and poverty incidence are age, level of education,
religion, and location of residence.
Conclusion: Women participation in Labour force enhance household wealth status but do not
necessarily limit fertility. Policies and programmes aimed at fertility reduction and poverty alleviation
should focus on formal employment and female education.
Keywords: female employment, poverty incidence, demographic dividend, Nigeria.
| 24 |
Author(s):
Anastasia J. Gage, Delayo L. Zomahoun.
Page No : 3421-3439
|
Influence of the Service Delivery Environment on Family Planning Outcomes in Nigeria
Abstract
Using linked data from a 2009 health facility and household survey and multilevel logit models, this
paper examined the association of the service delivery environment with contraceptive outcomes in
Nigeria. The findings showed significant positive associations of the number of modern contraceptive
methods provided and quality assurance systems used by health facilities in the Local Government Area
(LGA) with the odds of knowing three or more modern methods. These odds were significantly higher
among rural than urban residents. The LGA indices of provider training in FP and provider-client
interaction had significant positive associations, while a perceived need for more staff in FP health
facilities had a significant negative association with the odds of current use of a modern method. The
positive association between the index of FP provider-client interaction and current use of a modern
method was significantly stronger among women than men and in semi-urban than urban areas.
Keywords: family planning, method mix,
| 25 |
Author(s):
Bolaji Fapohunda, Nosakhare Orobaton, Kamil Shoretire’, Goli Lamiri*.
Page No : 3440-3455
|
Is delivery with no one present linked to other health care risks across the maternal and child health continuum in northwest zone of Nigeria? clues from the demographic and health survey
Abstract
Information is scarce on how women who delivered with no one present (NOP) have fared in the
continuum of care through the first 1000 days after birth. This study examines whether women who
deliver with NOP were more likely to underutilize other MNCH services compared to women who
delivered with attendants. This question was assessed in a sample of 5,619 currently married women
aged 15-19 years, resident in the Northwest Zone of Nigeria who have had at least a live birth. The
sample was obtained from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The study
revealed that women that delivered with NOP were also likely to significantly underutilize MNCH
services across the continuum of care. To accelerate progress in MNCH outcomes in Nigeria, it is
recommended that policy and program efforts be designed to address the underlying drivers of
inequality in access to MNCH care.
Key words: Nigeria; delivery-with-no-one-present; maternal-newborn-child-health; skilled-birth
attendance, health-care-risks; Demographic-and-Health-Survey
| 26 |
Author(s):
Kolawole Azeez Oyediran, Bamikale Feyisetan.
Page No : 3464-3477
|
Prevalence and contextual determinants of intimate partner violence in Nigeria
Abstract
Multilevel logistic regression model was used to examine underlying factors influencing women’s
exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nigeria. The findings show that 15.2 percent of married
or cohabiting women in the survey reported to experience IPV in the year preceding the 2013 Nigeria
Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The likelihood of a Nigerian woman experiencing IPV in the
year preceding the survey was shown to be significantly associated with a range of demographic,
household and societal factors, including her age, spousal age difference, type of marital union, the
woman’s education, number of living children, religion, ethnicity and region of residence. The analysis
also shows that gender normative values, women’s status and community level factors have
independent and incremental influence on the odds of women experiencing IPV. Ending domestic
violence requires commitment to changing societal norms that promote wife beating and forced sex.
Programs should be implemented to re-orientate community members to embrace gender equity,
amiable spousal discussion of family issues and mutual respect.
Keywords: Nigeria, Women, Community, Intimate Partner Violence, multilevel
| 27 |
Author(s):
Stella Babalola.
Page No : 3478-3489
|
Weight abnormalities among Nigerian women: correlates and programmatic implications.
Abstract
Whereas overweight is on the rise among women in Africa, many African women are still underweight,
introducing a dual burden for the countries’ limited resources. Using data from the 2013 DHS, this
paper examines this dual problem and its correlates in Nigeria. There is significant co-existence of
overweight and underweight within the major socio-demographic groups. Nationally, more than twice
as many women of reproductive age are overweight as are underweight (24.6 versus 11.3%). The
factors positively associated with the risk of being overweight rather than having a normal weight
include being ever-married, southern ethnic descent, higher education, higher wealth quintiles,
prevalence of post-primary education in one’s cluster, and urban residence. Programmatic efforts in
Nigeria should target underweight and overweight by encouraging people to consume more
wholesome meals, providing nutritional assistance for underweight women, addressing factors that
favor weight abnormalities in the built environment and engaging communities in changing unhealthy
norms related to nutrition.
Key words: obesity; overweight; underweight; Nigeria
| 28 |
Author(s):
Fredick Ruguma Tumwine, James Ntozi.
Page No : 3490-3509
|
Urbanization fueling marriage dynamics among the Baganda of central Uganda
Abstract
This paper examines changes in marriage practices and patterns of the Baganda, the largest ethnic
group in Uganda. Primary data that included Focus Group Discussions in the rural districts of Mpigi,
Kisoro, Sironko and Arua as well as Kampala city that is 100% urban is complimented with secondary
data. The results show that with 18% of Uganda’s population being urban and 5.1% urban growth rate,
marriage practices and patterns have not been spared. It is showed that some relevant marriage
practices such as: “pulling”; parent involvement in choosing marriage partners; abstinence before
marriage; using traditional items in payment of bride price and rare divorce rates are changing partly
because of urbanization. The authors recommend that good Baganda marriage practices and patterns
should continue and be strengthened, while polygamy, secret marriages and cohabitation should be
discouraged.
Key words: Baganda, urbanization, marriage practices and patterns
| 29 |
Author(s):
Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe, Olufunke Fayehun.
Page No : 3510-3518
|
Ethnic, Religious and Educational Homogamy in Nigeria
Abstract
The study examines the extent to which Nigerians marry within circumscribed social groups, or choose
marital partners who are similar to them in status, a phenomenon termed homogamy. Ethnicity,
religious affiliation and educational attainment are three important variables in mate selection in Nigeria.
To what extent is Nigerian marriage ethnically, religiously and educationally homogenous? This question
is addressed with the use of couples’ data derived from the 2003, 2008 and 2013 Nigeria Demographic
and Health Survey (NDHS), from which information on marital union and patterns was analyzed. The
large sample size of the NDHS data, their periodicity and national representativeness justify their
appropriateness for this study. The analysis involved computation of gross measure of homogamy by
ethnicity, education and religion; also the odds of homogamy were examined based on selected
characteristics of husbands and wives using logistic regression. The results indicate a very high level of
homogamy; about 9 of 10 couples in Nigeria are married within their ethnic and religious groups. The
level of educational homogamy is much lower (about 60 percent). Factors that give rise to the different
patterns evident in the study are discussed and suggestions proferred for a more exogamous spousal
selection in the country.
Key words: homogamy, endogamy, exogamy, ethnicity, Nigeria
| 30 |
Author(s):
Haruna Halilu PAI.
Page No : 3519-3527
|
Enhancing vital registration system in Nigeria: prospects and challenges
Abstract
The current global effort on data revolution place premium on national data for developmental planning
and tracking of program performance. Vital registration constitutes a major part of national government
databank for effective planning and policy direction. There are challenges and gaps in optimising vital
registration across many developing countries, particularly in Sub-Sahara African Countries. This article
reflects on the issues and perspective in optimizing vital registration in Nigeria. It raises issues on the
prospect and challenges with options towards enhancing vital registration in Nigeria.
The paper
concludes that there is the need to improve on the vital registration system and also identified proactive
measures by stakeholders including government agencies for efficient vital registration system in
Nigeria.
Key words: Vital Registration, System, Nigeria
| 31 |
Author(s):
Clifford Odimegwu, Nicole De Wet, Sunday Adedini, Nompumelelo Nzimande, Sathiyasusuman Appunni, Tessa Hochfeld, Tanyaradzwa Dube.
Page No : 3528-3563
|
Family Demography in sub-saharan Africa: Systematic Review of Family Research
Abstract
Background Families in Africa have been undergoing changes recently. The objective of the study was
to review published literature on the types, determinants and consequences of family changes in Africa
and highlight research gaps in the area.
Methods Sixty-nine journals from 1976 to date that were downloaded from databases such as Pub
Med, | Stor, Google Scholar and Science Direct were systematically reviewed.
Results There are family transition in Africa due to socio-economic factors, religious, health and political
changes. Seventy-two percent of the studies employed a quantitative approach, 20% qualitative and
7% mixed method approach. There are research gaps on topics such as same-sex marriages,
cohabitation and father only households.
Conclusion Families in Africa are responding to socio-economic and other changes that are happening
around them. Family research is still under studied in Africa. There is need for more mixed method
studies that explain the quantitative findings.
Keywords: Africa, family transition, systematic review
| 32 |
Author(s):
Emmanuel O. Amoo.
Page No : 3565-3577
|
Trends and determinants of female age at first marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa (1990-2014): What has changed?
Abstract
The study analysed trends and determinants of female age at first marriage in Ghana, Kenya and Zambia
using DHS datasets across defined survey horizons: 1990-1999, 2000-1999 and 2010-2014. The data
analysis employed frequency distribution, cross tabulation and Cox proportional regression techniques.
The results revealed female median age at first marriage as |7. The result showed a reduction in the
proportion marrying at age <|7 between 1990 and 2014 by 9.8% (Ghana), 6.2% (Kenya) and 7.2%
(Zambia). Women with tertiary education and rich households had lower hazard ratio to marry at age
<17 compared with those without education and from poor households (HR: 0.39, Cl: 0.0.36-0.43) and
(HR: 0.86, Cl: 0.81-0.90) respectively. The study supports the use of child-marriage market model to
heighten female age at first marriage through access to tertiary education. The boost in female
education could be harnessed for sustainable development through provisions of job opportunities.
Keywords: Female age at first marriage, child-marriage market, sub-Saharan Africa
| 33 |
Author(s):
This study examines the effect of family type and ethnic differences in lifetime fertility in three selected West African countries. Using the Demographic and Health Survey datasets of a weighted sample of 10,324 ever married women in Burkina Faso(2010), 5,099 in the Gambia(2013) and 20,014 in Nigeria(2013), the mean children ever born was higher among Gourmatch ethnic group in Burkina Faso (4.45), Fula in Gambia (4.05) and Hausa/Fulani in Nigeria (4.68). Further analysis using Poisson Regression showed that lifetime fertility was significantly higher by 29% among the polygynous family in Burkina Faso, 46% in Gambia and 25% in Nigeria than among the monogamous family. Age at marriage, age at first birth, wealth status and educational attainment of women were significantly associated with lifetime fertility. Findings suggest that lifetime fertility will reduce if pro-natalists’ attitude, poverty, age at first marriage and age at first birth could be properly addressed. Keywords: Ethnicity, Family Type, Lifetime Fertility, Monogamous, Polygynous.
Page No : 3578-3593
|
Family type and ethnic differences in lifetime fertility in selected West African Countries
Abstract
This study examines the effect of family type and ethnic differences in lifetime fertility in three selected
West African countries. Using the Demographic and Health Survey datasets of a weighted sample of
10,324 ever married women in Burkina Faso(2010), 5,099 in the Gambia(2013) and 20,014 in
Nigeria(2013), the mean children ever born was higher among Gourmatch ethnic group in Burkina
Faso (4.45), Fula in Gambia (4.05) and Hausa/Fulani in Nigeria (4.68). Further analysis using Poisson
Regression showed that lifetime fertility was significantly higher by 29% among the polygynous family in
Burkina Faso, 46% in Gambia and 25% in Nigeria than among the monogamous family. Age at
marriage, age at first birth, wealth status and educational attainment of women were significantly
associated with lifetime fertility. Findings suggest that lifetime fertility will reduce if pro-natalists’
attitude, poverty, age at first marriage and age at first birth could be properly addressed.
Keywords: Ethnicity, Family Type, Lifetime Fertility, Monogamous, Polygynous
| 34 |
Author(s):
Emmanuel O. Olamijuwon, Vesper H. Chisumpa, Joshua O. Akinyemi.
Page No : 3594-3610
|
Unveiling the realities of marrying too young: implications of child marriage on sexual and reproductive health of girls and infant survival in Sub-Sahara Africa.
Abstract
Despite laws against child marriage, the practice remains widespread in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA), partly
because of poverty, inequality, and cultural norms. We examined the levels of child marriage as well as
its implications for the sexual and reproductive health of girls and infant survival in SSA. Data was drawn
from the recent DHS of 18 countries in SSA. Results show that women who married earlier than
|8years were less likely to use a modern method of contraception [OR:0.92, Cl:0.869-0.982], more
likely to experience sexual violence [OR:1.33, Cl:1.188-1.487], had fewer antenatal visits [IRR:0.94,
C1:0.926-0.950] and less likely to deliver at a health facility [OR:0.53, Cl:0.495-0.560]. They were also
less likely to be assisted by a skilled birth attendant [OR:0.65, Cl:0.609-0.685] and their first births were
less likely to survive infancy [HR:0.84, Cl:0.814-0.869]. These findings highlight the negative implications
of child marriage and the need for heightened efforts to reduce its practice.
Keywords: child marriage, reproductive health, contraceptive use, sexual violence, infant survival.
| 35 |
Author(s):
Eunice Ntwala S Imasiku.
Page No : 3611-3622
|
Familial correlates of unmet need for contraception among currently married women: a comparative study of three Sub-Saharan African Countries
Abstract
Using data from the 2010 Malawi, 2013-14 Togo and 2011 Uganda DHS, the study explored the
relationship between unmet need for contraception (unmet need) and family factors. The analysis was
based on data for 15,528 currently married women aged 15-49 in Malawi, 6,282 in Togo and 5,417 in
Uganda. Multinomial regression models were used to analyse the data. Results show that Malawian and
Togolese women in female headed households have a higher risk (p<0.001) of having unmet need for
spacing over no unmet need. Spousal agreement on fertility desire significantly reduced unmet need
among Malawian women. Therefore family factors to some extent do influence unmet need in these
countries. The findings indicate the importance of coming up with strategies which will encourage
spousal communication in order to aid males and females to be equal partners in family planning.
Keywords: currently married women, Malawi, Togo, Uganda, unmet need for contraception.
| 36 |
Author(s):
Joshua O. Akinyemi, Oluwaseyi D. Somefun, Chukwuedozie K. Ajaero.
Page No : 3623-3638
|
Family structure and full vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in West Africa: Analysis of the interaction effects of maternal education
Abstract
Childhood vaccination is affected by many maternal socio-economic and family characteristics but these
often change over time such that the pattern of relationship needs to be reappraised periodically. In this
study, we investigated the influence of family structure and interaction effects of maternal education on
full vaccination coverage in the West Africa. Random effects logistic regression was applied to the most
recent demographic and health survey data on children aged |2-23 months in six countries. Main
explanatory variable was sex of household head and family type. Children living in female-headed
households (FHHS) were less likely to be fully vaccinated in five out of six countries [Liberia
(OR=0.77), Mali (OR=0.64), Senegal (OR=0.80), Sierra Leone and Togo (OR=0.85)]. Polygyny was
negatively associated with full vaccination in three countries [Liberia 9OR=0.79), Mali (OR=0.88),
Togo (OR=0.80)]. Interaction effects showed that secondary/higher education enhanced better
vaccination coverage among children in FHHs in five countries. Children of single mothers and
polygynous women with secondary/higher education recorded higher likelihood of full vaccination.
There was a moderate association between family structure and childhood vaccination but the
relationship was modified by maternal education which either mitigated the negative influence or
amplified the positive effect of family characteristics. Immunization advocacy and awareness
programmes may need to target under-five mothers without formal education and those living in
female-headed households and polygynous families.
Keywords: Child immunization; Vaccination; Household head; Family type; Socio-economic status;
| 37 |
Author(s):
Pamela Chirwa Banda, Lorretta Favour C. Ntoimo, Emmanuel O. Olamijuwon.
Page No : 3639-3649
|
Living arrangements and nutritional status of under-five children in Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract
Despite efforts aimed at improving the nutritional status of children under-five years, only a slow
progress has been made in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using data from the latest Demographic and
Health Surveys of 17 countries in SSA, we illuminate the association between living arrangement and
the nutritional status of 144,765 children under five years. Results showed that living with only the
father compared to both parents was associated with a higher risk of malnutrition in SSA [OR:1.18,
Cl:1.03-1.30] while not living with both parents was associated with a higher risk of malnutrition in
West Africa [OR:1.25, Cl:1.02-1.54]. Lower risk of malnutrition was observed among children residing
in households headed by their mother compared to those headed by their father in West Africa
[OR:0.76, Cl:0.66-0.87] and SSA [OR:0.83, Cl:0.77-0.90]. These results suggest that with whom and
where children live as well as biological relationships are vital in improving children’s nutritional status in
SSA.
Keywords: living arrangements, nutritional status, malnutrition, sub-Saharan Africa, under-fives
| 38 |
Author(s):
Funmilola M. OlaOlorun, Amy Tsui, Easmon Otupiri, Assefa Seme, Elizabeth Tobey, Freya Sonenstein.
Page No : 3650-3661
|
Mothers’ work, family roles and self-reported health in peri-urban Ghana and Ethiopia
Abstract
We test the associations between peri-urban mothers’ paid work and reported health in Asawase,
Ghana and Sebeta, Ethiopia using data from the Family Health and Wealth Study. The analytic sample is
608 and 667 mothers in Asawase and Sebeta respectively, aged |5 to 49. Dependent measures are self-
rated health (SRH), self-reported health problems (SRHP), and chronic disease (CD) status.
Independent variables include work/remuneration status. Bivariate and multivariate analyses are
presented. Our results showed that in Asawase and Sebeta respectively, 88.3% and 80.1% of mothers
had no CD; 88.3% and 91.9% reported very good/good health; 73.4% and 55.5% had no health
problems. Ethiopian mothers remunerated for their work other than by cash alone reported better
health, on all three outcomes compared with their non-working counterparts [CD-AOR
(95%CI): | .98(1.18-3.33); SRH: 3.49(1.39-8.80); SRHP: |.40(1.04-1 .88)]. Findings from Ghana were not
as clear. Investigation of women’s multiple family roles is warranted to understand pathways to better
health.
Keywords: self-rated health; self-reported health problems; chronic disease; mother’s work; family
roles
| 39 |
Author(s):
Monica Frederico, Carlos Arnaldo, Hélio Maungue.
Page No : 3662-3670
|
Adolescents’ childbearing dynamics in urban Mozambique: a qualitative analysis in Maputo, Quelimane and Lichinga cities
Abstract
Despite the implementation of some policies and programs aimed at reducing early and unsafe
adolescent sexual activity, adolescent pregnancy and childbearing are major concerns in Mozambique.
About 40% of adolescents aged I5 to 19 are already mothers or pregnant. In light of this high
prevalence of early motherhood, this paper aims at discussing socioeconomic and cultural factors
influencing adolescent pregnancy and childbearing in urban Mozambique. We use the socioecological
perspective framework to analyze focus group discussions data with adolescents, parents and
community leaders in the cities of Maputo, Quelimane, and Lichinga. The study reveals that instructions
transmitted in the initiation rites, living conditions and the exposure to information and communication
technology are the main factors influencing early pregnancy and childbearing among adolescents in
Mozambique. Adolescents should be empowered on knowledge about sexuality to prevent early
childbearing, and protect them from STls. Parents should be encouraged to talk openly about sexuality
with their children.
Keywords: Adolescents, Pregnancy, Mozambique, Socioeconomic-factors, Cultural-factors
| 40 |
Author(s):
Chukwuedozie K. Ajaero, Nicole De Wet.
Page No : 3671-3682
|
Life satisfaction and internal migration intention in South Africa
Abstract
This study explored the relationship between satisfaction with life and internal migration intention in
South Africa. Data were from three waves of the National Income Dynamics Surveys (NIDS) conducted
in 2008, 2010, and 2012. Analyses of data were by descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi square, ordinary
least square and binary logistic regressions. The regression coefficient of life satisfaction was 3.29 in
2008, 2.96 in 2010, and 3.10 in 2012. Well-being variables significantly predicted life satisfaction, even as
life satisfaction was negatively correlated with intention to migrate. The significant predictor of life
satisfaction was race while the intention to migrate was influenced by life satisfaction in 2008
(OR=0.95), 2010 (OR=1.06) and 2012 (OR=0.98). Other predictors of intention to migrate were age,
race and educational status. These findings will be relevant in the assessment and evaluation of the
efficacy of policy interventions and strategies aimed at improving satisfaction with life in the country.
Keywords: Intention to migrate; life satisfaction; migration; subjective well-being; South Africa
