| 1 |
Author(s):
Chukwuedozie K. Ajaero, Thaddeus C. Nzeadibe, Christian C. Ezeibe.
Page No : 4109-4112
|
University of Nigeria Nsukka research and post-2015 development agenda
Abstract
This Special Issue of African Population Studies/Etude de la Population Africaine brings together current
research of faculty members at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka on topics relevant to the Sustainable
Development Goal (SDGs) but which have tended to be overlooked in population and development
research. It pays particular attention to issues of vulnerable children including alternative care system
and placement decision, attitude and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding, and socio-environmental
justice in children’s (almajirai) involvement in waste management. Adults also received some attention
in a paper on the role of the church in the support and care of older adults, human trafficking and domestic
violence, determinants of physical intimate partner violence, and determinants of fertility rate among
women in Ghana and Nigeria. Another cross-cultural analysis engages with issues of climate change through
examination of newspaper framing of climate change mitigation in two West African countries. Topical
issues of census activities and incidents of infant mortality arising from gastroenteritis were also examined using
spatial analysis. In sum, all the papers in this special issue relate to any of the three major dimensions of
sustainability and culture. Thus, this special issue would be relevant in proffering solutions to some of
the pressing challenges in Ngeria and in other African countries when development practitioners,
governments and communities integrate the findings of these studies in their plans and interventions to
enhance social cohesion, economic progress, environmental protection, and cultural diversity.
Keywords: Climate change; demography; fertility; human trafficking; intimate partner violence;
sustainable development goals; vunerable children.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Nkemdilim .P. Anazonwu, Chinwe .U. Nnama-Okechukwu, Inyomoma Obasi-Igwe..
Page No : 4113-4124
|
Attitude to and cultural determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among childbearing mothers in Nsukka urban area of Enugu State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding has been found to be effective in reducing infant mortality
and morbidity in the contemporary world. This study explored attitude and cultural determinants
of EBF among childbearing mothers in Nsukka urban.
Data Source and Method: Data from 592 childbearing mothers were collected and analyzed using
questionnaire, (SPSS), Chi-square and multiple linear regression.
Results: Attitude such as infant’s inability to eat other food after EBF and that male infant should
not be exclusively breastfed as well as cultural determinants such as the use of coconut water to
loosen intestine and after-birth care were significant with EBF practice. The infant’s inability to eat
other food after EBF and after-birth care were predictors of EBF on binary logistic regression.
Conclusion: Findings suggest the need for government, healthcare and social workers to raise
awareness on the risks of complementary feeding and the importance of EBF for the reduction of
infant mortality and the achievement of related sustainable goals.
Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), Attitude, Cultural determinants, Childbearing mothers,
Complementary feeding
| 3 |
Author(s):
Innocent A. Ifelunini, Samuel C. Ugwu, Hycinth E. Ichoku, Ambrose N. Omeje, Emmanuella Ihim.
Page No : 4125-4133
|
Determinants of fertility rate among women in Ghana and Nigeria: Implications for population growth and sustainable development
Abstract
Background: Some individual and community variables, such as rural population concentration, per capita
income, life expectancy of men, female education, prevalence of contraceptive use among women, and
composition of women education, have been revealed to determine the fertility rate among women
globally. This study, in addition to these variables investigated the effect of remittances (a global
environmental variable) on fertility among women in Nigeria and Ghana. The study also examined the trend
in fertility among women in the two countries.
Data Source and Method: Macro data spanning 1962-2015, obtained from World Bank data portal-under
the African Development Indicators (ADI) were analyzed using descriptive statistics (line graph) and random
effect panel regression.
Results: Rural population concentration, per capita income, life expectancy of men, female education,
prevalence of contraceptive use among women, and composition of women education are the key
determinants of fertility among women in Ghana and Nigeria. Remittance inflows significantly increase
fertility among women in Ghana and Nigeria. The fertility rate is declining more in Ghana than in Nigeria.
Conclusion: The results advocate the imperative for governments, policy makers, and development
agencies to intensify their sensitization or enlightenment campaigns to ensure that remittances are being
used productively and the rural areas adopt appropriate family planning in order to moderate population
growth and facilitate the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals
Keywords: fertility rate, women, population, Random effect, Sustainable Development
| 4 |
Author(s):
Chukwuemeka A. Onyekwelu, Ernest A. Obienusi, Arinze T. Mozie, R.U. Ayadiuno, ljeoma G. Nwosu, Yemi Adewoyin, C.C. Ndichie' & Emeka E. Igboeli.
Page No : 4134-4154
|
Mapping incidents of infant mortality arising from gastroenteritis: a case study from South-East Nigeria
Abstract
Background: The upsurge of deaths from gastroenteritis in South-East Nigeria within the last decade
has become an issue of concern. Using Anambra State as a case study, this paper examined the trend of
reported cases of gastroenteritis and associated fatalities among children with a view to mapping the
spatial pattern and underlying causes.
Data source and methods: Water samples collected from the available domestic sources in each of the
selected 21 study localities were analyzed for aerobic heterotrophic count, total coliform, faecal
coliform and enterococci, and regressed with gastroenteritis data sourced from the State
epidemiological surveillance unit.
Results: The results showed that the near-epidemic 58,269 incidents of gastroenteritis recorded in
Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria between 2004 and 2008 had a spatial pattern and occurred in
clusters with the highest number of 287 deaths occurring in Idemili North/South constituency. The
study further showed that the consumption of contaminated water was responsible for the spread of
the disease
Conclusion: Hand washing practices, food hygiene, proper waste management, and the provision of
basic infrastructure for improved health outcomes among the population are suggested inorder to curb
the spread of gastroenteritis.
Keywords: Enteritis Viruses, Epidemiology, Gastroenteritis, Heterotroph, Sustainable Development
Goals.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Juliana C. Onuh, Chukwuedozie K. Ajaero, Emeka E. Igboeli, Godslove S. Nnadi.
Page No : 4155-4165
|
Regional Variations and Determinants of Physical Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria
Abstract
Background: In spite of the need to prevent and mitigate varying occurrences of physical intimate
partner violence (IPY) in different regions of the country, regional determinants of physical IPV in
Nigeria have remain unexplored. The study, therefore, examines the regional variations of the
prevalence and determinants of physical intimate partner violence in Nigeria.
Method: Data was from the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey of Nigeria, which was conducted in
all 36 states of Nigeria, and Abuja. A composite index of physical intimate partner violence was used as
the outcome variable. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, mapping, and binary logistic
regression.
Results: On National level, 16.25% of respondents had experienced physical IPV while regional
variations in physical IPY was found across the regions with South-South having the highest prevalence
(27.10%). The most significant determinants of physical intimate partner violence at the national level,
and across the regions were shown to be: high level of alcohol intake by some husbands, increase in the
number of co-wives, increased parity, wealth index, and low levels of women education.
Conclusion: This study recommends sensitization of the public on the negative consequences of
excessive alcohol intake, and practice of polygamy, on physical IPV.
Keywords: Determinants; Intimate partner violence; Nigeria; Prevalence; Regions
| 6 |
Author(s):
Ambrose O. Iheanacho, Peter O. Mbah, Precious C. Onwuaha, Eberechukwu J. Eze® & Thaddeus C. Nzeadibe®.
Page No : 4166-4182
|
Children, waste and well-being: A critical analysis of socio-environmental justice in almajirai solid waste management in Northern Nigerian Cities
Abstract
Context: Whereas academic discourse on socio-environmental justice (SEJ) globally has focused on
race, ethnicity and wealth, and gender inequalities, research on SEJ in relation to children, their well-
being and waste management in Africa has remained neglected.This paper focuses on the Almajirai,
children in the Islamic educational system, and critically examines SE] in Almajirai involvement in the
solid waste management (SWM) system of cities in northern Nigeria.
Data Source and Method: The study is situated in the city of Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Mixed
methods approach used for data collection included consultations with key stakeholders, ethnographic
and field observations; key informant interviews (Klls), questionnaire survey of 350 respondents
sampled purposively, and a critical review of literature. Percentages were utilized for analysis of
quantitative data while quotations and transcriptions were made from interviews.
Findings: Findings indicate that while many Almajirai contribute to environmental well-being through
collection, disposal and recycling of waste, they often suffer unbridled socio-environmental injustice in
their quest for a livelihood and also for their perceived association with insecurity in northern Nigeria.
Conclusion: In the light of the findings and the overarching juvenile-related sustainable development
goals (SDGs) targets, the paper rethinks the role of Almajirai in SWM while articulating possible policy
benefits of scaling up engagement with Almajirai in the post-2015 development era.
Keywords: Almajiraé, solid waste management; sustainable development goals; well-being; socio-
environmental justice
| 7 |
Author(s):
Chukwuemeka A. Onyekwelu, Nnabugwu O. Uluocha, Alabi S. Soneye.
Page No : 4183-4202
|
GIS in pre-census mapping of sampled rural and urban localities in Enugu north and south constituency: A sustainable pathway for census planning in Enugu State.
Abstract
Background: The recurring inaccuracy in census figures is attriutable to the lacuna in pre-census
mapping.
Data Source and Method: Geographic Information System (GIS) tool was demonstrated for the 2006
pre-census enumeration area- (EA) mapping of 2 NPC analogue EAs of urban and rural localities in
Enugu State. An | l-tier EA template and a satellite image-based Geographical Information Technology
EA Framework were generated using the Arc GIS version 10.3. All NPC analogue EA maps were found
to fall short of the 12 spatial quality parameters viz; completeness, logical consistency, topological
consistency, positional, temporal and thematic accuracy, mathematical basis, reliability, geometric
accuracy, modernity, cartographic design and scientific and social value.
Results: A checklist audit analysis indicates that road and building are dominant EA features.
Conclusion:The application of a Geo-spatial data bank infrastructure within a Constituency Land
Information System (CLIS) was suggested to help in aligning the agency on a proper trajectory to meet
the targets of sustainable development.
Keywords: enumeration area, constituency, foot print map, GIS, GIT map
| 8 |
Author(s):
Samuel O. Ebimgbo, Oscar N. Atumah, Uzoma O. Okoye.
Page No : 4203-4214
|
Church-based organisations and their role in the support of older adults in Nnewi, South-east Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Despite increase in the number of older adults in Nigeria, and the health, social and
economic implications that accompany this reality due to burden of care on families, little is known
about the role of church-based organisations in the provision of support and care to older adults in
Nigeria. The aim of this study was to explore the place of the church in the support and care of older
adults.
Data Source and Method: Sample size of (n = 40) participants were recruited for the study. Focus
Group Discussion and In-depth Interview were employed for data collection.
Results: The findings revealed that church-based organisations were a significant source of support for
older adults; however, some of the support provided by church-based organisations was exclusively at
the reach of older adults who are members of a particular church network.
Conclusion: The paper therefore recommends for an all-inclusive support and care for older adults by
church-based organisations in the society, irrespective of the one’s religious denomination.
Keywords: Church; Church-based organisations; Pragmatic roles; Social support; Older adults
| 9 |
Author(s):
Chinwe U. Nnama-Okechukwu, Nkemdilim P. Anazonwu , Uzoma O.Okoye.
Page No : 4215-4227
|
Vulnerable children, alternative care system and placement decision in Nigeria: In who’s best interest?
Abstract
Background: Alternative care system has been found to provide children in need of care and protection
with a safe haven pending their unification back to their family of origin. There is however concerns
with the process leading to children going into alternative care system.
Data Source and Method: Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was used as the main source of data
collection. Purposive and snowball sampling method were used in selecting 64 participants from a rural
and urban setting for the study.
Result: Findings revealed that placement decisions are made by extended family members and friends
with little or no active participation of the child in need of placement.
Conclusion: Findings suggest the need to have professional social workers. Professional social workers
will help in the monitoring and assessment of the suitability of the placement for children in alternative
care system.
Keywords: Alternative care system, Best interest, Placement decision, South East Nigeria, Vulnerable
children
| 10 |
Author(s):
ljeoma D. Ajaero, Luke I. Anorue.
Page No : 4228-4238
|
Newspaper framing and climate change mitigation in Nigeria and Ghana
Abstract
Background: The issue of climate change is a global one yet there exist little literature on African media
coverage of climate change, even as developing nations are the worst hit by its effects.
Objectives: This study compared the influence of newspaper framing on climate change mitigation in
Nigeria and Ghana. It also assessed challenges editors’ face in reporting climate change.
Methods: The contents of eight national newspapers for both countries were analysed and the news
editors of the sampled newspapers were interviewed.
Results: Findings showed that the issue of climate change was given less coverage and the dominant
frame used in the Nigerian newspapers was the action frame, and environment frame for the Ghanaian
newspapers, with floods as the prominent climate change issue reported in both countries. Factors
identified include funding, the technicality of reporting climate change, none documentation and lack of
expertise.
Conclusion: There is also need for editors to look for ways in making climate change reports more interesting
| 11 |
Author(s):
Nwokeoma Bonaventure N.
Page No : 4239-4251
|
Perception of demographic and cultural factors associated with the crime of human trafficking in Nigeria
Abstract
Context/background:The demographic and cultural factors that drive the crime of human trafficking
have not been properly researched in Nigeria. This study therefore examines the perception of the
association between population characteristics, fertility norms and human trafficking.
Methods:This study used 600 respondents from Imo State. Data was collected through questionnaire
and in-depth interviews from two local governments that are active sites for human trafficking.
Descriptive statistics, chi-square and regression analysis were used to analyse the data.
Results:The findings showed a preponderance of females as victims and traffickers than males, with a
significant relationship of P<0.001 between the sex of traffickers and human trafficking. The age group
that are mostly trafficked are 16-25 years for women and 5-14 years for male and female children.
Large family size driven by a traditional fertility rite (ewu- ukwu) for women with 10+ children was
found to be strongly associated with human trafficking.
Conclusion:The study recommends aggressive birth control program that targets traditional fertility norms and programs that offer livelihood options and increased well being for women.
Keywords: Demographic; Cultural; Factors; Perception; Human trafficking.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Eric O. UDJO.
Page No : 4252-4259
|
Effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility: historical evidence from South Africa’s women educators
Abstract
Context/Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a public health challenge. Globally, South
Africa ranks second in HIV prevalence and has the second lowest fertility rate in sub-Saharan Africa.
The effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility is contentious, although it is often assumed in population projections
that HIV/AIDS reduces fertility. This study examines the effect of HIV/AIDS on the probability of
getting pregnant among South Africa’s educators controlling for confounders.
Data Source and Methods: The data consisted of a representative sample of educators in public
schools in South Africa in 2004. Statistical analysis utilized multivariate logistic regression.
Results: Controlling for confounders, HIV positive women educators aged |8-34 had higher odds of
being pregnant in the preceding |2 months compared with HIV negative women educators in the same
age group.
Conclusion: There was no evidence from this study that HIV positive women were less likely to be
pregnant than HIV negative women.
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, fertility, educators, pregnancy status, South Africa.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Giuseppe Gabrielli, Anna Paterno, Pietro Sacco.
Page No : 4260-4272
|
Living arrangements in sub-Saharan Africa between modernization and ethnicity
Abstract
Context/Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by an extraordinary diversification of living
arrangements. It is a debatable question whether these features are evolving alongside the deep
economic and social changes observed in the past few decades. Despite numerous studies on family
changes and their effects, very few analyses consider different ethnic and geographical contexts.
Data Source and Methods: The paper observe the interaction between modernization and cultural
heritage in shaping living arrangements in |0 sub-Saharan countries and in 38 ethnic groups. A temporal
perspective has been adopted, comparing two successive DHS carried out between 1990 and 2013.
Stratifying by ethnic groups and rural/urban contexts, factor analysis and hierarchical classification
analysis investigate how living arrangements combine with fertility levels and socio-economic
characteristics.
Findings: The results support the large heterogeneity of living arrangements and the increase of new
family forms, rather than the existence of a convergence process on a single nuclear family pattern.
Ethnic background is confirmed a valid interpretative key, necessary to understand the cultural
substrate in which the modernization factors brought by globalization act.
Conclusion: National governments should develop and implement family policies that can raise the
wellbeing of the emerging family models. In particular, family policies should support households in
providing care and economic, material, psychological and affective support for their members.
Keywords: Living arrangement, Household, Sub-Saharan Africa, Factor analysis, Cluster analysis.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Laura Franco-Henao, Carmen Rodriguez-Sumaza, Carlos Borondo-Arribas.
Page No : 4273-4290
|
The demographic transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo: facts and challenges to reach a demographic dividend.
Abstract
Background: The channels linking the demographic and economic situation of a population are
numerous. We focus on the process of a demographic transition and the demographic dividend that
Sub-Saharan Africa and, in particular, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), are currently
undergoing.
Data source and methods: Secondary data are used to highlight the diverse paths of demographic
transition in Sub-Saharan African countries. Additionally, the specific situation of the DRC is selected as
a case study.
Results: The potential of Sub-Saharan Africa to enjoy a demographic dividend is exceptional. Although
the DRC is in the group of the least advanced countries, its increasing share of working age population
is a key to reap the benefits of the potential economic growth.
Conclusion: There are some recent economic and social advancements in the DRC, but the benefits of
its demographic performance are dependent on whether government and institutions are capable of
responding to current circumstances with targeted, effective and coordinated policies.
Keywords: demographic transition, demographic dividend, economic growth, public policies, the
Democratic Republic of Congo.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Osazuwa Peter, Ugal David.
Page No : 4291-4304
|
A comparative study of fertility preferences of Nigerian female migrants and non-migrants in Benin City, Nigeria.
Abstract
Context/Background: Whereas a large body of literature has already focused on fertility and migration
at destination area, relatively few studies have examined fertility in association with return-migration at
country of origin. This study is an investigation of the association between international return-migrants
and non- migrants’ fertility preferences among women in Benin City, Nigeria.
Data Sources/Methods: Data were collected from 760 migrants and non-migrants through multistage
sampling technique and were analysed employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square, correlation and
Ordinal regression.
Findings: Returnees' migration experience (x” =212.971, df=4, p<.001) and length of stay abroad (x?
= 15.899, df=6, p.050) were associated with
higher fertility preferences. Non-migrants’ fertility preferences were lower (3.89 children average) than
those of migrants (4.14). Migrants who stayed longer abroad were |.06 times more likely to prefer
larger family size compared with those who stayed for shorter periods.
Conclusion: Migration should not be discouraged in order to achieve the ideal fertility aspiration of the
country’s population policy.
Keywords: Fertility preference, female migrants, non-migrants, migration, destination, Benin City.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Boladé Hamed Banougnin, Adeyemi O. Adekunle, Adesina Oladokun, Mouftaou Amadou Sanni.
Page No : 4305-4318
|
Impact of internal migration on fertility in Cotonou, Benin Republic
Abstract
Context/Background: In developing countries, fertility is usually higher in rural than urban areas. This is
partly due to lower access to and utilization of reproductive health services in rural areas. However,
migration to cities may alter the fertility behaviour of migrants from rural areas.
Data Source and Methods: The study used 2012 Benin Republic Demographic and Health Survey data
and focused on married women aged 15-49 years and residing in Cotonou (n=722). Tobit regression
was employed for the multivariate-level analysis.
Findings: The results showed that migrants adapt gradually to the fertility patterns of non-migrants.
This gradual adaptation is compounded by a relative selectivity of migrants whose fertility preferences
are similar to those of non-migrants. Finally, recent migrants for employment or school reason had the
lowest number of births over the past five years, which supports the disruption hypothesis.
Conclusion: The migration-fertility relationship depends on the length of residence, migrant’
socioeconomic characteristics and reason for migration.
Keywords: Migration; fertility; urban areas; Cotonou; Benin Republic.
| 17 |
Author(s):
James Mulenga, Mulenga Chonzi Mulenga, Bwalya Bupe Bwalya.
Page No : 4319-4331
|
Too young to be a wife! analysis of the factors influencing child marriages and its influence on the preferred number of children among women in Zambia.
Abstract
Context/Background: Zambia has one of the highest rates of child marriages in the world. This study
sought to establish the determinants of child marriage in rural and urban areas of Zambia, and to
determine the influence of child marriage on fertility preferences of women in Zambia.
Data source and methods: The study utilized data from the 2013-2014 Zambia Demographic Health
Survey. Data was analysed using the Binary Logistic and Poisson regression models.
Results: Timing of conception, age at first sex, region of residence, education level of respondent and
their partners, and family size were significant predictors of child marriages in urban areas. In rural
areas, region of residence, age at fist sex, education level of respondent and their partners, and family
size had significant influence on child marriages. The study further found that women who got married
below the age of 18 preferred a higher number of children.
Conclusion: The study established that various factors influence child marriages in urban and rural Zambia
and in turn child marriages influence the preferred number of children. The findings suggest a multipronged
approach to addressing the root cause of the problem.
Keywords: Child marriage, Logistic, Poisson, Incident Rate Ratio, fertility.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Omedi Gilbert.
Page No : 4332-4344
|
Reversal in infant mortality in Kenya based on type of place of residence
Abstract
Context: In the recent past, infant mortality has declined more rapidly in rural Kenya than urban Kenya.
This paper sought to ascertain the factors responsible for the observed reversal in infant mortality in
Kenya based on type of place of residence, defined as either urban or rural.
Data source and methods: The study used data obtained from 2014 Kenya demographic and health
survey. Survival analysis was employed on child-recoded data set to estimate the risk of a neonate,
post-neonate or an infant dying in urban or rural areas based on selected study variables.
Results: The study found early childhood mortalities to be significantly related to educational
qualification of the mother, household wealth index, maternal age, size at birth, and place of delivery in
both urban and rural Kenya. In urban Kenya, the study further found early childhood mortalities to be
significantly related sex of the birth and the preceding birth interval.
Conclusion: The study suggests the need to check on lifestyle especially among the urbanites and to
delay entry into childbearing as some of the measures to make infant mortality reduction mission a
SUCCESS.
Keywords: urban Kenya, rural Kenya, early childhood mortalities, survival analysis.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Boladé Hamed Banougnin, Adeyemi O. Adekunle, Adesina Oladokun, Mouftaou Amadou Sanni.
Page No : 4345-4355
|
Internal migration and unmet need for family planning in Cotonou, Benin Republic
Abstract
Context/Background: Evidence shows that addressing the unmet need for FP of vulnerable groups
such as rural-to-urban migrants is another alternative to lowering fertility in developing countries. This
study examines how migration affects unmet need in Cotonou.
Data Source and Methods: We employed multinomial logistic regression using 2012 Benin Republic
Demographic and Health Survey data concerning 827 married women aged | 5-49 years and residing in
Cotonou.
Findings: Findings show that recent migrants were less likely to have an unmet need than non-migrants.
Then, earlier migrants and non-migrants had similar odds of unmet need. After adjusting for
socioeconomic variables, the risks of unmet need for spacing and limiting among recent migrants
decreased and increased, respectively, by 7%. Earlier migrants became significantly less likely to have
an unmet need for spacing births than non-migrants.
Conclusion: The odds of unmet need are lower among migrants than non-migrants, but
complementary research on migrants’ fertility in Cotonou is necessary before any conclusion.
Keywords: Migration; unmet need; family planning; Cotonou; Benin Republic
| 20 |
Author(s):
Victor Awuor, George Odipo , Alfred Agwanda.
Page No : 4356-4375
|
Age schedules of intra-provincial migration in Kenya
Abstract
Background: Migration today is a complex process determined by inter-related historical, geographical,
economic, sociological and political factors. There are linkages between life-course transitions and
patterns of movement necessitating estimation of migration propensities by age, sex and other
characteristics. However, analysis of age specific migration propensities has been limited in developing
countries.
Data source and methods: Data was derived from the 2009 Kenya population and housing Census via
the IPUMS data Series. The standard 7-parameter age migration schedule due to Rogers and Castro
(1981) was fitted using Microsoft excel workbook using solver.
Results: Large volumes of movements occur between ages |7 and 24.The peak ages at migration are
similar to those observed in Asian migration patterns. The age pattern for all the regions had two peaks
contrary to the standard with four.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the main contributory factors behind migration schedules are
schooling, labour force and associational moves.
Keywords: Age Schedules Migration Provincial Kenya
| 21 |
Author(s):
Samuel Abera Zewdie, Visseho Adjiwanou.
Page No : 4376-4395
|
Spatial analysis of child mortality and welfare differentials in South Africa: evidences from the 201 | census
Abstract
Background: Welfare differential is a common phenomenon among South African population which can
be manifested in terms of various economic and health outcomes. Using child mortality (CM) as one of
a key measure of the country’s health system, the study attempted to show its spatial distribution and
the association with economic disparities in the country.
Methods: The study primarily aimed to derive estimates of CM rates for the municipalities and
provinces of South Africa and assessed the results in relation to some welfare measures such as poverty
and inequality. The estimation of CM rates was achieved through the use of direct synthetic cohort
methods with Bayesian spatial smoothing. The smoothing process helped to generate accurate
municipal level estimates of CM. The model utilized information from neighboring municipalities by
controlling the effects of women’s education and HIV.
Results: It was found that there were clear spatial differentials of CM in the country, where at province
level under-five mortality (U5M) rate (deaths per 1000 live births) ranges from 26 in Western Cape to
7\ in KwaZulu-Natal. At municipal level, it ranges from 24 in City of Cape Town to 109 in uPhongolo. It
was also shown that CM was higher in poorer and more unequal areas, although there were cases
which had inverse relationship. For instance, several municipalities in Limpopo province scored
relatively lower child mortality rates though the level of poverty is very high
Conclusions: The study revealed significant spatial differentials of CM in the country, which were also
associated with the level of poverty and income inequality. The findings may help local and national
government to implement policies more effectively and make more focused decisions for a better
health outcome.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Joshua O. Akinyemi, Sunday A. Adedini.
Page No : 4396-4404
|
Is technical demography becoming less relevant? Two decade review of published articles in selected demography journals
Abstract
Methods: All original articles published in nine demographic journals from Africa, Europe, Australia,
Canada and United States were reviewed. We derived yearly aggregate for total number of articles and
number of technical demographic papers from 1994 to 2015. We illustrated the trends in the
proportion of technical demographic studies in a graph and also estimated the annual rate of decline
using least square regression techniques.
Results: A total of 4091 studies were published in 465 issues of the selected journals between |994 and
2015 of which 371 (9.0%) were related to technical demography. The proportion of technical
demographic papers declined gradually at an annual rate of 0.42% (CI= 0.29-0.62) between 1994
(12.0%) and 2015 (10.0%).
Conclusion: Technical demography need to be strengthened in order to provide the critical data and
evidence required to objectively monitor the post-2015 development goals.
Keywords: Technical demography, demographic estimation; demographic techniques; mortality;
fertility.
