| 1 |
Author(s):
Paul Gatabazi, Sileshi Fanta Melesse, Shaun Ramroop.
Page No : 4834-4851
|
Infant mortality at the Kigali University Teaching Hospital: Application of Aalen additive hazards model and comparison with other classical survival models.
Abstract
Background: Beyond the effort provided on the population policy in Rwanda so far, extensive studies
on factors that could prevent infant mortality (IM) should be done for more controlling the Infant
mortality rate (IMR). This study presents an application of survival analysis to the infant
mortality at the Kigali University Teaching Hospital (KUTH) in Rwanda.
Data and methods: The dataset of the KUTH was recorded. Aalen Additive Hazard Model (AAHM) is used
for assessing the relationship between the IM and covariates. The Cox Proportional Hazard Model
(CPHM) and the Cox-Aalen Hazard Model (CAHM) are also applied, the results of these three models
are compared.
Findings: The AAHM distinguishes time dependent and fixed covariates, and this allows an easy
interpretation of the results found in CPHM and CAHM.
Conclusion: Avoidance of pregnancy until after age 20 and clinically recommended nutrition for the
mother during pregnancy would decrease IM.
Keywords: Survival analysis; counting processes; martingales; cumulative parameter function; Cox
Proportional Hazard Model; Aalen additive hazards model.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Abel Nzabona, John Bosco Asiimwe, Richard Tuyiragize, Christian Kakuba, John Mushomi, Fred Maniragaba.
Page No : 4852-4860
|
Factors associated with tobacco-smoking in Uganda’s leading tobacco- growing regions
Abstract
Background: Tobacco smoking is one of the determinants of health and social challenges in Uganda.
Although ample information exists about smoking prevalence, less is l‹nown about the determinants
particularly in the leading tobacco-growing regions of the country.
Data and methods: Secondary data were extracted from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey
dataset. The un-weighted and weighted samples were I 6,800 and I 4,79 I respectively.
Tobacco-smol‹ing status, the outcome variable, was dichotomized into those who smoked and those who
never smoked. Binary logistic regression was used to model the dichotomous outcome variable against
a combination of predictor variables.
Findings: Overall being male, having low education, belonging to the poor wealth quintile and being
of
advanced age increased the odds of tobacco-smoking.
Conclusion: Sex, level of education, wealth index and age predicted tobacco-smol‹ing. We recommend
strengthening educational programmes, increased advocacy for reducing tobacco-smoking and
improvement of socioeconomic status of the population.
Keywords: Health Smoking demographic Tobacco Uganda
| 3 |
Author(s):
Chalachew Getahun Desta.
Page No : 4861-4875
|
Rural-urban differential in fertility and maternal work participation: A study in Northwestern Ethiopia
Abstract
Background: The inverse relationship between urbanization and fertility is well l‹nown in the
development literature. However, whether this location difference also translates into rural-urban
maternal economic outcomes differential is not well understood. Majority of past research which
found inverse relationship between number of young children and maternal economic outcome failed to
analyze rural and urban areas separately.
Data and methods: This paper used data from a household survey of rural and urban married women to
analyze if the causal effect of fertility on maternal worl‹ participation differs between rural and
urban areas.
Findings: Results show that when rural-urban location differences are considered, coefficients are
negative for urban households with large number of young children and positive for those households
with more adult children; whereas these coefficient signs reversed for rural households.
Conclusion: Results from the quantitative data combined with qualitative narratives suggest that
large numbers of young children may not prohibit rural mothers from working.
Keywords: Maternal worl‹ participation; Amhara region of Ethiopia; lifecycle fertility;
urbanization and fertility; urbanization and maternal worl‹ participation.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Mohamed A Daw, bdallah HU El-Bouzedi.
Page No : 4876-4890
|
Trends and projection of demographic indices of the Libyan population using a fifty-year census data l954-20I6
Abstract
Background: Libya is a North African country with the longest coast on the Mediterranean basin
facing Europe. Little is l‹nown about the demographic characteristics of the Libyan population.
Herein, we examine the demographic features and disparities in age and gender among Libyans over
the last fifty years, which could be useful for future planning and allocation of resources.
Data and methods: Census data were used to analyze the demographic parameters and age trends from
1954 to 2016 by decades.
Findings The total Libyan population increased with significant sex differences during all decades.
Fertility rates increased and mortality rates decreased. There had been more males during the first
three decades but then their percentage declined since 1984, with women accounting for 49% in 2006.
The working-age population increased to 67% by 2006.
Conclusion: These findings are discussed in the light of major demographic changes that has
occurred in the Libyan society. Libya as a whole has enjoyed low mortality and great improvement in
socioeconomic status.
Keywords: Libya, census data, demography, mortality, infertility, population
| 5 |
Author(s):
Samuel O. Ebimgbo, Christy N. Obi-Keguna, Ngozi E. Chukwu, Chinyere E. Onalu, Sunday E. Abonyi, Uzoma O. Okoye.
Page No : 4891-4900
|
Culture-based Social support to Older Adults in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Old age usually comes with frailty and withdrawal resulting to dependence on various
support systems for assistance. However, studies have shown that social support available for older
adults from these support systems especially in south-east Nigeria is inadequate. This study
therefore depicts some cultural activities as a form of social support system for older adults.
Data and methods: Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with 40 older
adults and their caregivers. Thematic analytic approach was adopted to analyse the data.
Findings: Some of the prevailing cultural activities including village meetings, marriage
ceremonies, child naming or dedications, funerals, postpartum care serve as veritable means of
support to older adults. Conclusion: This study therefore suggests that older adults should be
encouraged to participate in some of these activities in order to ensure satisfactory support.
Keywords: Cultural activities, care-livers, inadequate support, older adults, south-east Nigeria.
