| 1 |
Author(s):
Essis Esme Marie Laure, Konan Loukou Léandre, Bamba Iba, Latte K. Claudine, Dossevi-Diaby, Gbané M, Yapi A.
Page No : 4598-4610
|
Profit des femmes ayant des besoins non satisfaits en planification familiale en Cote d’lvoire
Abstract
Objectif: Décrire ie profil des groupes spécifiques de femmes qui portent ie plus lourd fardeau des
besoins non satisfaits en planification familiale.
Méthodologie: Analyse secondaire des données de I'EDS 201 2 portant sur les besoins non satisfaits
de PF chez les femmes en age de procréer, sexuellement actives et exposées aux grossesses. Chi 2 de
Pearson et Ttest de Student realises. Analyse multivariée par technique CHAID de I'arbre de
decision. Interpretation des résultats au seuil (a= 5%, IC â 95%).
Résultats: les BNSPF de I'ordre de 50 â 58% sont portées par moins de 4% de la population feminine.
Plus de 2 I% ont des BNSPF de I'ordre de 32 â 39% et sont majoritairement sans instruction,
multipares, venant du Centre et du Sud du pays.
Conclusion: Développer des stratégies de sensibilisation et de communication spécifiquement adaptés
â ces groupes pour combler Ie gap d'utilisation des méthodes contraceptives.
Mots clés: Profil/ besoins non satisfaits /planification familiale /Cote d’Ivoire
| 2 |
Author(s):
Chabila C. Mapoma , Caroline Banda.
Page No : 4611-4620
|
Breastfeeding and common childhood diseases in Zambia: does breastfeeding have a protective effect against diarrhea, fever and acute respiratory infections among children in Zambia?
Abstract
Background: This paper aimed at answering two specific questions: does breastfeeding reduce the
occurrence of ARIs, Fever and Diarrhea in children who are breastfeeding; and is the occurrence of
these common childhood diseases affected by duration (period) of breastfeeding?
Data source and Method: Secondary analysis of the 2013 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS)
was applied by using the children recode dataset (ZMKR6 I FL). Analysis was done at three levels:
Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate (Binary and Multinomial Logistics regressions).
Results: Results in this paper show that breastfeeding does not protect children against Diarrhea
(OR I .3; I . I - I .4) but does so against Fever and ARIs (OR 0.9; 0.8- I .0). Children whose
mothers were employed were more likely to suffer from all the three disease outcomes compared to
those not employed (OR Diarrhea I .2; Fever I .5; ARIs I .2).
Conclusion: Diarrhea seems to be more pronounced in children who are breastfeeding than those not
breastfeeding, especially those breastfed beyond 6 months.
Keywords: ARIs, Breastfeeding, Children, Diarrhea, Fever, Zambia
| 3 |
Author(s):
Abel Nzabona, John Bosco Asiimwe, Christian Kakuba, Richard Tuyiragize , John Mushomi.
Page No : 4621-4630
|
Correlates of youth internal migration and employment in Uganda
Abstract
Background: Young people continue to gravitate from rural to urban Uganda. Whereas studies on
drivers of this mobility abound, less is known about the predictors of internal migration and
employment. This study investigated the correlates of youth migration and employment.
Data and methods: Primary data were collected from I ,537 respondents. Binary and multinomial
logistic regression models were fitted to predict migration and employment status, respectively.
Findings: Being an older youth increased the odds of outmigration and chances of employment.
Hailing from a rural environment increased chances of outmigration. The never married youths were
less lil‹eIy to be self-employed but more likely to be paid employees than their married
counterparts. Females were less lil‹eIy to be employed than males.
Conclusion: Age, home environment and sex were significant correlates of migration and employment.
We recommend improvement in rural conditions and strengthening programmes that address the gender
gap in employment opportunities.
Keywords: Youth Internal Migration
| 4 |
Author(s):
Pierre Dindi, Nicole De Wet.
Page No : 4631-4641
|
Determinants of sex differentials in mortality: an assessment of household- level factors in South Africa
Abstract
Background: Increasingly high male mortality hinders progress towards improving overall life
expectancy.
Data Source & Method: The study used data from South Africa's 2016 Community Survey to examine the
household-level determinants of male mortality. Chi square tests and binary logistic regression
were used.
Results: Out of the 30,022 deaths in the sample, males comprised 52.8%. Male deaths were high at
all ages except for age group 75 + years. Odds of male mortality were higher (OR:2.08; CI: I .98-2.
18) among those that lived in female headed households or White-headed households (OR: I .50;CI: I
.29- 1 .73). There was less Iil‹eIihood of male deaths (OR:0.9 I ;CI:0.87-0.97) in households that
were not involved in agriculture.
Conclusion: Overall, mortality differentials were largely explained by household demographics
including age, race and gender dynamics of heads of households. We recommend a multi-sectoral
policy and programme implementation that promotes deliberate inclusiveness of household
characteristics in their delivery.
Keywords: South Africa, mortality, longevity, logistic regression, households
| 5 |
Author(s):
Chidiebere A. Nwachukwu , Luke I. Anorue.
Page No : 4642-4654
|
Exposure to mass media malaria messages and use of insecticide-treated nets and artemisinin combination therapy among Southeast Nigeria residents
Abstract
Background: Malaria remains endemic in Nigeria. The National Malaria Elimination Programmeutilizes
the mass media to educate Nigerians to adopt insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and Artemisinin
Combination Therapy (ACT) for malaria prevention and treatment respectively. This study
investigated the influence of media messages on ITN and ACT use in Southeast Nigeria.
Methods: Data was collected with a structured questionnaire from 480 respondents across 15
communities in Southeast Nigeria. Analysis was carried out on the data using percentages and
logistic regression.
Results: Results indicated high exposure to malaria messages, but limited effect on ITN and ACT
use. Regression results showed that exposure to newspapers (OR= I .0 17); magazines (OR= I .639)
and internet (OR= I .444) increased the odds of ITN use. Exposure to television
messages(OR= I .707;P< 0.00 I);biIlboards(OR=2.098;P < 0.0 I I);Internet(OR= I .805;P < 0.0 I I)
and tertiary education(OR=8.454;p<0.000) positively predicted ACT use.
Conclusions: Exposure to malaria messages has not resulted in population-wide adoption of ITNs and
ACT. There is need for the National Malaria Elimination Programme to address factors that hinder
ITN and ACT use.
Keywords: Exposure, mass media messages, malaria, Insecticide-treated Nets, Artemisinin
Combination Therapy
| 6 |
Author(s):
Iheonu Chimere O, Agbutun Shedrach A, Omenihu Chinonyerem M., Ihedimma Godfrey .
Page No : 4655-4668
|
The impact of governance quality on mortality rates in Sub Saharan Africa
Abstract
Background: The study examined the impact of governance quality on infant mortality, maternal
mortality and adult female mortality in sub Saharan Africa.
Data Source and Methods: World Bank data covering 2002 to 2015 for 3 I sub Saharan African
countries were employed and analysed utilising the Driscoll and Kraay Fixed Effect Model.
Results: Improvements in regulatory quality and total governance reduces infant mortality by 0. 144
I and 0.071 2 percentage points respectively. Improvements in the control of corruption, regulatory
quality and total governance reduces maternal mortality by 0.0788, 0. 1324 and 0.0654 percentage
points respectively. Political stability reduces adult female mortality by 0.0485 percentage point.
Conclusion: There is need for the pursuit of efficient and speedy execution of sound private sector
development policies in order to reduce infant and maternal mortality. Enhancing the fight against
corruption aids maternal mortality reduction. Political stable environment should be prioritised to
reduce adult female mortality. An overall improvement in the quality of governance reduces
mortality rates in the region.
Keywords: Governance, Mortality, Sub Saharan Africa, Fixed Effect Model, Driscoll and Kraay.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Samuel Nouetagni, Mathias Kuepie.
Page No : 4669-4685
|
The determinants of youth labor market integration in Cameroon: is family Socioeconomic-background more effective than education?
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of socioeconomic background and
human capital on young people's labor market integration.
A review of the literature suggests that in addition to human capital, other factors not directly
related to
individual productivity play an important role in labor marl‹et integration.
Data Source & Method: The empirical work is based on the analysis of a firsthand biographical
database from Bafia, a Cameroonian city.
Results: Results show that young people from privileged background are more lil‹eIy to swiftly
enter the wage sector than their peers from disadvantaged bacl‹ground.
Conclusion: This result is not only due to the fact that former received more education than the
latter but also because of the existence of a sort of privileged birth-related premium not induced
by the formal education level.
Keywords: youth; social inequality, education effectiveness; Labor market; family background JEL
classification: J24, J62, J63.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Olayinka Akanle, Adefolake Olusola Ademuson, Olufunke Olufunsho Adegoke, Kazeem Olakunle Oguntoyinbo.
Page No : 4686-4699
|
This is who we are and why!: Ethnography of weddings in Ibadan,Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Wedding ceremonies celebrate marital unions of two individuals/families in accordance
with socially sanctioned arrangements. Among the Yoruba of south-western Nigeria, weddings of
various forms exist. Elaborate and relatively grand weddings are common among the Yoruba people but
studies are insufficient on these weddings. More attention is thus needed to understand the
trajectories and ramifications of these weddings especially within the socio-economic conditions
and rapidly changing social environments that have implications for population and development.
This article is therefore an attempt to describe contemporary marriage ceremonies among the Yoruba
in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria and the meanings associated with the ceremonies. The article is a
detailed ethnographic narrative of Yoruba marriage processes.
Data Sources and Method: Primary and secondary data were gathered. For the primary data,
qualitative research method was used. Data collection methods were participant observations ( 10
different wedding venues) and 15 in-depth interviews. Interpretive research approach through
interviews, observations and pictures were used because of their capacities to extract reliable
contextual meanings and implicative elements of social realities. Secondary data were gathered from
journal articles, bool‹s, newspaper clippings and reliable internet sources. Data analysis was done
through content analysis of texts and pictures.
Results: Findings reveal very original and dynamically creative ways of celebrating weddings and
significance of such weddings among the Yoruba people with implications for better understanding of
Africa's socio-economic and cultural systems, population and development.
Conclusion: Weddings are significant social realities in context. While they preceed family
formation and traditionally crucial, they are both physical and cultural just as they are
systematically symbolic and demonstrative of familial and sociocultural statuses and class in
Africa. Weddings in the context are indication and legitimation of identity and existencies and
these have strategic implications for social change, cultural systems and population.
Keywords: Ethnography, Wedding ceremonies, Yoruba culture, Ibadan, Social change
| 9 |
Author(s):
Rwenge Mburano, Kanambaye Saidou.
Page No : 4700-4726
|
Approche globale de besoins non satisfaits en planification familiale au Mali.
Abstract
Contexte : Le Mali est I'un des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest od la fécondité est élevée et stable et
la prevalence de la contraception moderne est faible. A cet effet, la présente étude s'est fixée
comme objectif de chercher les facteurs associés aux Besoins Non Satisfaits (BNS) en Planification
Familiale (PF) dans ce pays.
Données et méthodes Les données utilisées sont celles des EDS qui y ont été réalisées en I 995-
96, 2006 et 20 I 2- 13. Leurs analyses ont été effectuées en recourant aux tableaux croisés et
statistiques du chi-deux et aux modéles multivariés de regression logistique.
Résultats : En I 995-96 la proportion d'enfants décédés, ie nombre d'enfants survivants et les
attitudes des couples vis-â-vis de la PF contribuent Ie plus â l'explication de la variation du
risque de BNS en PF pour espacer les naissances ; en 2006 et 20 I 2- 13, on retrouve en plus les
indicateurs de I'offre des services de PF. Quant aux BNS pour limiter les naissances, quelle que
soit la période, Ie nombre d'enfants survivants explique seul presque la totalité de sa variation.
Concernant Ie total des BNS en PF, ses facteurs explicatifs les plus importants sont similaires â
ceux du risque de BNS en PF pour espacer les naissances. Les femmes les plus concernées au Mali par
les BNS en PF ont un nombre élevé d'enfants survivants, ont moins expérimenté les décés d'enfants
et ne sont pas informées sur la PF dans les centres de santé pendant leurs consultations médicales.
Conclusion : L'amélioration de la qualité des services de PF et de la disponibilité des
contraceptifs de longue durée d'action, et l'intégration santé infantile et PF devraient étre
renforcées au Mali pour y réduire la prevalence des BNS en PF.
Mots clés: Facteurs associés, Approche globale, Besoins Non Satisfaits, Planification Familiale,
Mali, Afrique subsaharienne.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Fikrewold Bitew, Samuel H. Nyarko , Corey S. Sparks.
Page No : 4727-4737
|
Spatial and temporal variations in women undernutrition in Ethiopia- A multilevel analysis.
Abstract
Background: Women's undernutrition is a major concern in many sub-Saharan African countries
including Ethiopia; however, little information exists on its spatial and temporal variation within
a single national context. This paper examines spatial and temporal variations in women's
undernutrition and its determinants in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2016.
Data source and methods: We use data from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys from 2000 to
2016. We used multilevel logistic regression models with region-level random effects to estimate
determinants of undernutrition.
Results: The results show substantial regional variations in women's undernutrition in Ethiopia,
which show mixed patterns over time. Also, the regional variations are significantly affected by
age, education level, marital status, wealth, occupational status and type of residence as well as
some aggregate factors. Undernutrition risks are considerably higher for teenage women, no
education, never-married, unemployed, and rural women, as well as women from poor households than
their counterparts. Additionally, in regions with lower levels of women's education, the risk of
undernutrition was higher.
Conclusions: Regional variations in women's undernutrition in Ethiopia are significantly determined
by individual sociodemographic, economic and community level characteristics. Policy decisions
should focus on bridging the regional disparities in the country, especially in areas that have
made little progress in reducing women's undernutrition.
Keywords: Spatial variations, women undernutrition, Ethiopia.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Chinwe M. Odionye, Luke I.Anorue, Okwudiri Ekwe.
Page No : 4738-4749
|
A Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) analysis of lassa fever media campaigns among residents of South-East Nigeria
Abstract
Background: In as much as studies have been conducted on Lassa fever in Nigeria, the studies had no
media angle and were carried out mainly in the Northern and Western regions of the country. This
study examined how mass media intervention messages on Lassa fever have influenced the level of
knowledge, attitudes and health practices of people living in South-East Nigeria towards
controlling and eradicating this disease.
Methods: The study adopted survey research design. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in
selecting 428 respondents while structured questionnaire was used for data collection.Data analyzed
was by descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation technique.
Result: The level of exposure to and l‹nowledge of Lassa fever media campaigns among South-East
residents were high as confirmed by 90% and 5 I . I% respectively of the responses. Media campaigns
against Lassa fever positively influenced the attitudes of 56.3% of the respondents towards
prevention and control of this disease.There is positive significant relationship (0.93 with 0.0 I
level of significant) between exposure level to Lassa fever media campaigns and l‹nowledge level of
the disease among South-East residents.
Conclusion: Mass media campaigns aimed at sensitizing the public on Lassa fever disease was
adjudged effective. There is also need to employ more of interpersonal communication strategies to
enhance effective delivery of this health messages.
Keywords: Lassa fever,Media Campaigns, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Affo Mingnimon Alphonse, Djogbenou Yao Robert, Tossou Cocou Rigobert.
Page No : 4750-4765
|
Genre et attitudes de stigmatisation â l’égard des Personnes vivant avec Ie VIN (PWIH) au Bénin
Abstract
Contexte : Les attitudes de rejet des PVVIH constituent un frein â I'accés universel et â leurs
droits essentiels. Cet article vise â apporter un éclairage sur les disparités de genre en matiére
de stigmatisation des PVVIH.
Méthodologie : Analyse secondaire des données de I'EDSB 20 I I -20 12. Un indicateur de niveau de
stigmatisation a été créé pour faire des analyses multi-variées de regression logistique sur un
échantillon de 48 13 hommes et 14849 femmes.
Résultats : Pour les deux sexes, avoir un niveau élevé d'instruction, étre exposé fréquemment aux
médias, étre chrétien et appartenir au groupe ethnique Adja déterminent I'attitude bienveillante
envers les PVVIH. II en est de méme pour les femmes qui sont en union conjugate, celles qui vivent
en milieu rural, celles vivant dans des ménages riches ou celles n'ayant aucune activité
économique.
Conclusion: Développer des strategies de protection des PVVIH en s'appuyant sur les attitudes
bienveillantes observées.
Mots clés : stigmatisation, genre, VIH/Sida, Bénin
| 13 |
Author(s):
Chinasa E. Urama, Yemi Adewoyin, Ezebuilo R. Ukwueze.
Page No : 4766-4774
|
Socioeconomic status and health shocks; analysis of coping strategies in rural households of Enugu State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Health burden in rural areas of developing countries is worsened by the limited
coverage of health insurance. With constrained access to quality healthcare and constituting two
thirds of Nigeria's poor, this study investigates how rural households cope with health shocks
consequent on their socioeconomic status.
Method: Data was collected from 600 households in Enugu using a questionnaire. Cross-tabulation,
chi
square and multiple regression statistical techniques were employed for data analysis.
Findings: About 53% of the respondents were male household-heads while borrowing (47.65%), sales of
assets (43.85%), diversion of funds (2.00%) and reduced expenditure (6.48%) were the main coping
strategies. Education, occupation, and income statistically influenced the coping strategies (P <
0.005) and jointly accounted for 26.5% (R2 = 0.265, P < 0.00 I) of the variations in coping
strategies.
Conclusion: Having a rural healthcare policy and mainstreaming the informal sector into the
national
health insurance scheme will ameliorate health shocl‹s among the rural poor.
Keywords: Health Shocl‹s, Coping Strategies, Socioeconomic Status, Rural Households, Healthcare
Expenditure, Enugu State, Nigeria
| 14 |
Author(s):
Chinyere E. Onalu, Yemi Adewoyin, Samuel O. Ebimgbo, Uzoma O. Okoye.
Page No : 4775-4785
|
Factors affecting the utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in Anambra South, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: In spite huge leaps in combating the spread and transmission of HIV globally, Nigeria
still ranks high in the incidence of HIV among children. The study investigates the factors
affecting the utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services in
Anambra South.
Data source and Method: Data from 515 HIV positive women of child bearing age were collected using
a structured questionnaire. The data sets were subjected to chi square and binary logistic
regression analysis.
Result: The results show that 86% of the respondents were aware of the PMTCT strategies while
marital status (69.8%), age (70.7%) and place of residence (52. I%) were found to affect the uptake
and utilization of PMTCT services.
Conclusion: Evidence from the study drew attention to the need for government, social worl‹ers and
healthcare providers to rise to their responsibilities in encouraging HIV women of reproductive age
to utilize PMTCT services in order to achieve African Union Agenda 3.
Keywords: Mother-to-Child Transmission, PMTCT Utilization, HIV in Nigeria, Anambra South, Social
Worker
| 15 |
Author(s):
Samuel O. Ebimgbo, Chinyere E. Onalu, Ngozi E. Chukwu, Onyeyilichukwu P. Onwuama, Paulinus S. Okah, Tochi E. Iwuagwu.
Page No : 4787-4800
|
Knowledge of public health challenge of open defecation in rural areas of South-East Nigeria: Implications for social workers
Abstract
Background: Practice of open defection has growing health concerns especially on rural dwellers and
is among leading causes of diarrhea, typhoid fever, cholera, stunting and responsible for the death
of children under 5 years in Nigeria. This study seel‹s to examine knowledge of public health
challenges of open defecation among rural residents in south-east Nigeria and implications for
social worl‹.
Data source and methods: Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were used for data
collected from 52 respondents in Nsukka and Udenu LGAs of Enugu State. Thematic analysis was
adopted and phrases with contextual connotations were pulled as illustrative quotes.
Results: Lacl‹ of toilet facilities mal‹es community members engage in the practice despite
knowledge of
its public health implications.
Conclusions: The study recommends strengthening of government's efforts to eradicate the practice;
incorporating social worl‹ers as facilitators in public health regulations and advocacy in
sensitising households to provide their own toilets.
Keywords: Knowledge, open defecation, public health, rural areas, social world
| 16 |
Author(s):
Priviledge Cheteni, Yohane Khamfula, Gisele Mah.
Page No : 4801-4815
|
Poverty dynamics and vulnerability to poverty: An empirical analysis using general household surveys
Abstract
Background: This study analysed determinants of vulnerability to poverty in South Africa utilising
the General Household Surveys from 201 2 to 2015.
Data source and methods: The Foster Greere Thorbecl‹e poverty index by groups and income components
using the Shapley Value was used to identify household vulnerability status. A multinomial logit
model was used to investigate factors that contribute to vulnerability to poverty.
Results: The study findings pointed out that high-income variability contributes to vulnerability
and poverty among urban and rural areas.
Additionally, the findings of the study demonstrated that only a few households fall in the middle
(lower
bound) poverty lines.
Conclusions: Race and location are strong predictors of poverty in South Africa.
Keywords: Income distribution, Inequality, Multinomial logit model, Principal Component, sub-Sahara
JEL Classification C2 I C6 1 1320 10 R20
| 17 |
Author(s):
Godfred Anakpo, Umakrishnan Kollamparambil.
Page No : 4816-4833
|
Teen motherhood and women’s later life outcomes: evidence from South Africa.
Abstract
Background: The pathway from teen motherhood to later life outcomes have received considerable
attention in both research and political agenda due to its fundamental and pivotal linl‹ to
life-course and inter-generational development of mothers and their progenies. Very few studies
have however, Iool‹ed beyond educational and economic outcomes.
Data source and methods: This paper uses pooled data from four waves of National Income Dynamic
Study (NIDS) survey collected from 2008-20 14 in South Africa to investigate the impacts of early
motherhood on mothers' later life outcomes using propensity score matching and endogenous treatment
techniques which controls for endogeneity. A total of 1 2203 mothers who have given birth at least
once were selected to form the sample with information on their life outcomes, childhood poverty
and other bacl‹ground precursors included. The study reveals that teen motherhood has significant
negative effects on women's educational attainment (by -5.2years at 0. I% significance level),
economic well-being (- I 9.9% at 0. I% significance level), psychological well-being (by
increasing depression score by 5.2 at 0. I% significance level) and life satisfaction (by - I .24
at 0. I% significance level).
Results: Based on the results of the study; proactive, reactive and post-active policy
interventions, which require the complementary role of policy-makers, government, parents, service
providers and adolescents, are recommended.
Conclusions: The insignificant impact on health related outcomes is arguably because of the sample
selection bias caused by the high rates of teenage maternal mortality.
Keywords: teen motherhood, early motherhood, later life outcomes, endogenous treatment regression,
South Africa
