| 1 |
Author(s):
Ololade G Adewole, Sunday A. Adedini, Luqman A. Bisiriyu.
Page No : 4405-4416
|
Multilevel analysis of male fertility behaviour in Nigeria
Abstract
Context/Background: Fertility level in Nigeria remains high and currently, it stagnating at about six
children per woman. Demographic literature had established the existence of preponderance of factors
sustaining a high level of fertility in the country. Most previous studies on fertility had focused on
women, and a few that examined male fertility behaviour focused mainly on individual-level factors,
ignoring the influence of community contexts. This study, therefore, examined the influence of an
individual, household and community level factors on male fertility behaviour in Nigeria.
Data source and Methods: The study used male data from 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health
Survey (DHS).
Results: Results showed that community variables like region, ethnic diversity, community family-size
norm and community-level of education significantly influenced male fertility behaviour in Nigeria
(p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study thus established community contexts as an important factor influencing male
fertility behaviour, and this factor must be taken into consideration in the efforts to reduce the fertility
level in Nigeria.
Keywords: Multilevel analysis; Male fertility behaviour; Community contexts; Nigeria.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Gbadebo, Babatunde M., Bamiwuye S.O, Bisiriyu L.A.
Page No : 4417-4427
|
Family type, ethnicity and under-five mortality in Nigeria
Abstract
Background: High rate of under-five mortality (UFM) in Nigeria is an impediment to national
development. This study examined the influence of family type and ethnicity on UFM.
Data Source and Methods: The study was cross-sectional and employed the 2013 Nigeria
Demographic and Health Survey dataset. The survey utilised a stratified three-stage cluster sampling
procedures in interviewing 31,828 women of childbearing age. Data were analysed using Chi-square
test, Brass and Cox-proportional hazard models.
Results: UFM rates were 92, |19 and 196 deaths per 1000 live births among Yoruba, lgbo/lbo and
Hausa/Fulani respectively. On overall, single-parent who were Hausa/Fulani women reported the
highest deaths (265/'000) and the polygamous Igbo women reported the lowest (2/'000). UFM is lowest
among the lgbo/Ibo while single parenting impact on UFM more among Hausa/Fulani than other ethnic
groups.
Conclussion: Family type and ethnicity were associated with UFM. Measures to reduce UFM should
target single-parenting and the Hausa/Fulanis
Keywords: Ethnic groups, Family Type, Mortality, Nigeria
| 3 |
Author(s):
Roch Millogo, Clementine Rossier, Abdramane Bassiahi Soura, Siaka Cissé.
Page No : 4428-4442
|
Impacts socio-économiques des inégalités de genre sur la fécondité a Ouagadougou : éclairage a partir des donnees de I’observatoire de population de Ouagadougou
Abstract
Contexte : Parmi les facteurs de la fécondité élevée en Afrique Sub-saharienne, on met souvent en
avant les inégalités de genre. Cependant, les recherches se contentent souvent de mesurer la fécondité
selon les caractéristiques de la femme sans son conjoint. Il s'agit donc de confronter le statut des deux
conjoints dans les couples.
Données et méthodes: Ce travail utilise les données de l’Observatoire de Population de
Ouagadougou et mesure les inégalités de genre a l’aide du test de Log-rank et du modéle d’Andersen et
Gill.
Résultats : Les résultats ne montrent aucune différence significative selon l'éducation mais une femme
qui a une activité rémunératrice dont le conjoint est sans emploi a environ 50% de moins de risque
d’avoir un enfant par rapport a celle qui n’a aucun emploi et dont le conjoint a un revenu.
Conclusion : L’inégalité dans le niveau d’éducation des conjoints ne semble pas avoir d’impact sur la
fécondité, mais celle de l'emploi est trés marquante.
Mots Clés : fécondité, genre, Ouagadougou, Afrique sub-saharienne, Observatoire.
Context/Background: Among the factors of high fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa, gender inequalities are
often cited. However, research often only measures fertility by the characteristics of the woman
without her spouse. It is therefore a question of comparing the status of both spouses in couples.
Data Source and Methods: This work uses data from the Ouagadougou Population Observatory and
measures gender inequalities using Log-rank’s test and Andersen and Gill model.
Results: The results show no significant difference according to education, but a woman in gainful
employment whose spouse is unemployed is about 50% less likely to have a child than a woman who is
unemployed and whose spouse has an income.
Conclusion: Inequality in the educational level of spouses does not seem to have an impact on fertility,
but employment is very significant.
Keywords: fertility, gender, Ouagadougou, Sub-Saharan Africa, Health and Demographic Survey
System.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Olatunji Alabi, Olusola Omisakin, Adeola Alabi.
Page No : 4443-4453
|
Under-age marital childbirth in north-west Nigeria: implications for child health.
Abstract
Context/Background: Under-age marital birth is high in northern Nigeria. We explore the association
between under-age marital childbirth and child health indicators in north-west Nigeria.
Data source and Methods: Analysing NDHS 2013 data of 9,011 currently married women in
northwest Nigeria, with at least a childbirth in the 5 years preceding the survey, we explored the
implications of maternal age at first birth for child health outcomes (anthropometric measures and child
survival).
Results: The lowest age at birth in the region was |2 years. Binary logistics regression shows that odds
of child survival was highest among mothers aged 18 years and above at first childbirth by 52% (Cl:
1.17-1.97; p-value < 0.01). Finding suggests that poor child anthropometric outcomes is not associated
with under-age childbirth but other factors such as women education and wealth status in the study
area.
Conclusion: Early childbirth prevention interventions aimed at abrogating child marriages and
promoting girl child education are needed in the region.
Keywords: Child health; under-age birth; child marriage; girl child education; North-west Nigeria;
NDHS
| 5 |
Author(s):
Thomas Antwi Bosiakoh, Samuel Agyei-Mensah, John K. Anarfi, Adu Owusu Sarkodie, Claudine Sauvain-Dugerdil.
Page No : 4454-4468
|
The capabilities approach and agency for shaping family formation trajectories in Ghana
Abstract
Context/Background: Developed by Amartya Sen, the Capabilities Approach (CA) has been applied in
several domains of abstraction for understanding human well-being and development. However, there
is very little about CA in the processes of forming families, particularly in Africa. This paper employs CA
to examine the Ghanaian family formation trajectories. It explores the norms and preferences, the
choices and decision-making processes, timing as well as constraints embedded in the family formation
process.
Data sources and methods: This paper draws on a bigger Ghana/Mali qualitative research that
contrasted individual realities and collective images of family formation trajectories in the two countries,
but specifically focuses on the Ghana case to understand the individual family formation trajectories in
terms of their family life histories, resources available to them as well as their notions on the ideal family
life. It is based on analyses and discussions of thirty (30) in-depth interviews conducted in rural and
urban Ghana.
Results:The results show an inherent interplay of agency-driven idealized goals and socio-cultural
concerns, in other words, realities that reflect agency-structure concerns with regards to different
family life domains (pre-marital relationships, partner choice-making, marriage, etc.).
Conclusion:Based on the analyses, we conclude that the concepts of ‘ambivalence’ and ‘agency’ are
important in smoothening the difficulties family formation actors encounter in pursuing their personal
family life goals within the context of socio-cultural family life requirements.
Keywords: Family formation; Pre-marital relationships; Capabilities approach; Ghana; West Africa
| 6 |
Author(s):
Siaka CISSE et Claudine SAUVAIN-DUGERDIL.
Page No : 4469-4485
|
Inégalités géographiques de recours aux soins de santé maternelle au Mali : roles respectifs des caractéristiques individuelles, familiales et communautaires
Abstract
Contexte: Au Mali, a instar de la plupart des pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, les disparités
géographiques en matiére d'utilisation des services de santé maternelle persistent malgré les politiques
nationales visant 4 améliorer la santé maternelle. Ce travail examine les inégalités communales de
recours aux soins de santé maternelle au Mali.
Source de données et Méthodes: Les données de /Enquéte par Grappe a Indicateurs Multiples (MICS,
2009-2010) ont été utilisées et complétées par celles du Recensement Général de la Population et de
Habitat (RGPH) de 2009. La méthodologie multiniveau a été utilisée a l'aune de l’approche par les
capabilités (AC).
Results: Les differences entre communes résultent des inégalités de ressources du contexte (offre de
services de santé et degré d’urbanisation), des caractéristiques individuelles et du ménage (éducation,
niveau de vie, exposition aux médias, instruction du chef de ménage). Ces différents déterminants
contribuent respectivement a la quasi-totalité (98%) des inégalités communales de recours a
'accouchement assisté et aux trois quarts de celles en matiére de suivi prénatal.
Conclusion: Il resort que ce n’est pas seulement les différences individuelles qui modulent l’accés aux
soins, mais aussi les caractéristiques de |’ entourage familial et social, 4 savoir, selon la terminologie des
capabilités, les facteurs individuels mais aussi collectifs de conversion. L’efficacité des politiques
publiques étant évaluée par leur capacité a ouvrir les mémes capabilités de santé pour tous (Ruger,
2009 ; Bonvin et Rosenstein, 2011), la persistence des inégalités met en évidence les résultats mitigés
des politiques et programmes en matiére de santé maternelle au Mali.
Mots Cles: Inégalités de soins de santé, analyse multiniveau, facteurs de conversion, capabilités.
Problématique et hypotheses
| 7 |
Author(s):
Elizabeth O. Njoku, David O. Okunlola, Sunday A. Adedini.
Page No : 4486-4513
|
Demographic assessment and adjustment of census age distribution in selected West African Countries
Abstract
Context/background: Despite the public acknowledgment of improvement in sub-Saharan African
censuses and surveys in the recent time, the quality of age-sex data still remains relatively poor. This
study assessed the quality of reported age-sex data in selected West African countries.
Data source and methods: We utilized the available recent West African census data to address the
study objective. Data adjustments were made using the UN-moving average technique, Carrier Far-rag,
Karup-king newton and Arriaga methods.
Results: First, the age- distribution in five years was examined for errors. The UN-Age-sex accuracy
index showed that all the selected countries had inaccurate age-distribution, with the exception of
Cameroon (2005) and Senegal (2002) censuses which revealed a lesser distorted age- distribution.
Utilizing the strong smoothing techniques, the results showed that virtually all the censuses were
plaqued with the overestimation error at older ages, particularly the female population. The error
margin ranged between |0-25%.
Conclusion: The study concludes that inaccuracies in West African census data persist and
recommends more quality age-sex data in region.
Keywords: Age misstatement, Age distribution, Adjustment, West Africa
| 8 |
Author(s):
Adebowale Ayo Stephen , Bamgboye Eniola, Adjiwanou Visseho.
Page No : 4514-4529
|
Cohort analysis of adolescent first birth timing and births progression in West-Africa
Abstract
Context/Background: Adolescent Childbearing is an important factor sustaining high; fertility,
childhood mortality and maternal mortality in West-Africa. We examined cohort analysis of adolescent
first birth (AFB) timing and births progression in West-Africa.
Data Source and Methods: Most recent round of DHS data of four countries in West-Africa were
used. Women aged 20-49 years were studied. Birth timing probability, birth progression rate and
hazard ratio were estimated (~=5.0%).
Results: Across countries, AFB increases as the women’s year of birth cohort increases and the rate
was highest among Nigerian women (r=0.773, p<0.001) but lowest in Liberia (r=0.497, p<0.001).
The probability of surviving adolescent years’ interval without bearing a child was highest in Ghana for
all age-cohorts, while Nigeria and Liberia exhibited similar pattern. Birth progression rate was higher
among women who had AFB than women who started theirs at the later years. Hazard ratio of AFB
was higher among women in age cohort 20-24 than those aged 45-49 years.
Conclusion: Adolescent first birth is a problem in West-Africa but variation exist in the region.
Adolescent pregnancy prevention policy is solicited in West-Africa.
Keywords: First birth timing, Adolescent women, Birth progression, Adolescent pregnancy, West-
Africa
| 9 |
Author(s):
Jacob Wale Mobolaji, Friday Asiazobor Eboiyehi, Akanni Ibukun Akinyemi.
Page No : 4530-4541
|
Household structure and living arrangements among older persons in selected West Africa Countries: evidence from demographic and health surveys
Abstract
Background: Older persons’ living arrangements are currently major development discourses across
Africa. With the increasing family nucleation, weakening traditional ties and support networks, what is
the emerging pattern of living arrangements of the older persons within this changing social system in
West Africa?
Methods: The study utilized DHS household data on older persons aged 60 years and above in selected
West African countries: Benin Republic, Cote d’lvoire, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo
(n=31,695).
Results: Results showed that West African older persons had an average of 5.0 household network
members; proportion living alone were higher among women (21.6%) than men (10.4%), majorly
widows (31.3%) or single/divorced (38.0%). Household network, headship and living arrangements
varied significantly across countries by age, sex, education, marital status and wealth quintile (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study concludes that the emerging pattern of older persons living alone is relatively
high, suggesting age-friendly re-assessment of the traditional support system and household resources
allocation.
Keywords: Living arrangements, household structure, elderly, older person, West Africa, support
network
| 10 |
Author(s):
Olufunmilayo O. Banjo, Olusina S. Bamiwuye, Luqman A. Bisiriyu, Olawunmi A. Akintayo.
Page No : 4542-4558
|
Decision making autonomy and fertility behaviour among currently married women in Nigeria.
Abstract
Background: Decision-making autonomy as a component of women’s status is a less studied indicator
of fertility behaviour in Nigeria.
Data and Methods: The study utilizes the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data
to determine women’s characteristics associated with decision-making autonomy and examine the
influence of decision-making autonomy on fertility behaviour among currently married women in
Nigeria. Relationships between decision-making autonomy and fertility behaviour were examined using
Poisson and Binary logistic regressions.
Results: Results showed that, about 60% of currently married women were of low autonomy.
Decision-making autonomy was associated with women’s age, age at marriage, level of education,
religion, employment status, type of residence and household wealth status. The result further showed
that women’s decision-making autonomy was significantly associated with lower number of living
children and increased contraceptive use.
Conclusion: The study concludes that women’s decision-making autonomy is an important predictor of
fertility behaviour among currently married women in Nigeria.
Keywords: decision-making autonomy, currently married women, fertility behaviour, Nigeria
| 11 |
Author(s):
Adesina A. Akinjokun, Mahmud Bin Mohd Jusan, Raja Nafida Binti Raja Shahminan.
Page No : 4559-4573
|
Place attachment and determinants of living arrangement in the family house in Ibadan, Nigeria
Abstract
Context/Background: There is a dearth of study in identifying the determinants of choice of living
arrangement in sub-Saharan Africa and what influences individual’s decision about this. Therefore, this
study examined the physical aspects and demographic characteristics that may be significant predictors
of attachment to a particularly form of living arrangement in the form of “family house” otherwise
called agbo'le.
Data source and Methods: The analysis was based on quantitative data from 413 household heads in a
traditional neighborhood characterized mainly by agbo les in Ibadan, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics, chi-
square, regression analysis and correlation were used to analyse the data.
Results: The results showed that demographic factors including education attained, occupation and
nature of work were significant predictors of place attachment rather than the physical structure.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the relevance of agbo ‘le to the lives of the residents and hence its
future potentials are more influenced by characteristics of individual residents.
Keywords: agbo ‘le; family house; place attachment; urban housing; Nigeria.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Ojo Melvin Agunbiade & Clementina Oghoadena Osezua.
Page No : 4574-4587
|
Fear of contraceptives’ side effects and tensions in marital union among women at risk for unintended pregnancy in southwest Nigeria
Abstract
Backgroud: Contraceptive uptake remains low among reproductive age women in Nigeria. This paper
explores the views of women at risk for unintended pregnancy concerning contraceptives use, side
effects, childrearing burden and the fear of unintended pregnancy in marriage. Methods: We conducted
four focus group discussions and 32 in-depth interviews with married women (35-40 years) in two
Yoruba communities in Southwest Nigeria.
Results: Contraceptives awareness exists alongside with perceived side effects and misconceptions
around contraceptive use among women. Cultural beliefs around the woman’s body and
disempowerment through unplaned pregnancy before marriage provided limited spaces to negotiate
contraceptive use. The impression that contraceptive use among women could promote marital
infidelity still holds, while a feeling of husband’s extramarital relations was sometimes an opportunity
to demand the use of condom.
Conclusion: Contextual understanding of risks of contraceptive use could help in addressing the unmet
need for contraceptives among women at risks for an unplanned pregnancy.
Keywords: Risk perception, Contraceptive use experiences, Unintended pregnancy, childrearing
burden, Southwest Nigeria
| 13 |
Author(s):
Acheampong Yaw Amoateng & Ololade Baruwa.
Page No : 4588-4597
|
Changes in the timing of sexual intercourse in Ghana: evidence from the demographic and health survey data, 1988-2014
Abstract
Background: Although sexuality is an inherent feature of humans, the timing of this important life-
changing event sets the tone for future sexual behaviour with broader social implications.
Data source & Method: The present study used the six waves of the Ghana Demographic and Health
Survey data (1988 to 2014) to examine the effect of changes in social and demographic contexts on age
at which women have their first sexual encounter.
Results: The results of the study have shown that even though the age at which women in Ghana
initiate sexual intercourse is changing, the changes have been slow over the course of the 26 years
under review (1988 to 2014). Of the social and demographers factors examined, only education,
religion and ethnicity were found to be significant predictors of the timing of sexual intercourse among
women in Ghana, while the effects of place of residence and region were found to be insignificant after
controlling for other factors. Educated women tended to postpone the initiation of first sexual
encounter compared to their less educated counterparts, while women who belonged to other
Christian denominations and Muslims delayed sexual initiation compared to women who did not belong
to any religious group. Finally, Ewes, Guans, Mole/Dagbanis and other ethnic groups all tended to delay
sexual initiation compared to the majority Akan.
Conclussion: The study demonstrated that the timing of first sexual intercourse among women in
Ghana is affected by social and demographic contexts such as place of residence, education, ethnicity,
region, and religion.
Keywords: sexual intercourse; Ghana; education; ethnicity; demographic and health survey
