| 1 |
Author(s):
Kunnuji, Michael O.N. (Ph.D.).
Page No : 1-13
|
Prevalence and predictors of unsolicited exposure to and involvement in online sexual activites among young Internet users in Lagos metropolis
Abstract
Prevalence and predictors of unsolicited exposure to
and involvement in online sexual activites
among young Internet users in Lagos metropolis
| 2 |
Author(s):
Lawrence D.E. Ikamari, PhD.
Page No : 14-24
|
Regional variation in neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in Kenya
Abstract
This paper seeks to establish the effect of region of residence on neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in
Kenya, using the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey data. The results show significant regional
variation in neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. Both neonatal and post-neonatal mortality were also
found to vary significantly according to household wealth status, household water supply, and toilet facility,
maternal age at birth, preceding birth interval; antenatal visits and type of place of delivery. It was only post-
neonatal mortality that also varied significantly according to maternal education.
The study recommends that concerted efforts be made to reduce high neonatal and post-neonatal mortality
in the high mortality areas. These could entail strengthening existing family planning, child survival and HIV/
AIDS programmes alongside improving households’ access to piped water supply and household hygiene prac-
tices.
Key words: Region, variation, neonatal, post-neonatal mortality, Kenya
Abstrait
Cet article cherche aétablir l’effet de la région de résidence sur Ja mortalité néonatale et postnatale au
Kenya, basé sur les données de l’enquétede 2003 sur Ia santé et les faits démographiques du Kenya. Les
résultats montrent des variations régionales significatives par rapport a la mortalité néonatale et postnatale.
On a constaté que tous les deux, la mortalité néonatale et postnatale varient selon Ia fortune des ménages,
l’approvisionnement de I’eau et des toilettes, |’age materne! au moment de naissance, !’intervalle entre les
accouchements successifs, les visites prénatales ainsi que le lieu d’accouchement. La mortalité postnatale
seule, variait fortement selon fe niveau d’education maternelle.
‘étude recommendé qu’on ait des actions concertées afin de réduire le taux élevéde mortalité néonatale et
postnatale. Ces efforts peuvent comporter le renforcement des programmes existants de planification fami-
liale, de la survie infantile et de VIH/SIDA. Ceux-ci peuvent occasionner |’amélioration de !a canalisation
d'eau aux foyers et des pratiques d’hygiénes des ménages.
Mots clés : Région, variation, mortalité néonatale, postnatale, le Kenya.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Joshua O. Akinyemi , E. Afolabi Bamgboye’ and Olusola Ayeni'.
Page No : 25-42
|
New trends in under-five mortality determinants and their effects on child survival in Nigeria: A review of childhood mortality data from 1990-2008
Abstract
Under-five mortality in Nigeria has been reported to be on the decline, but the dynamics are yet to receive
adequate attention. Thus the main objective of this study was to assess these factors and quantify their rela-
tive contributions to under-five mortality between 1990 and 2008. The Nigeria Demographic and Health
Survey data for 1990, 2003 and 2008 were re-analysed to assess the trends in determinants of under-five-
mortality. Cox Regression model was applied to determine the relative contributions of each factor to the
under-five mortality risk. The results showed there were improvements in maternal education (8.6%), child-
hood vaccination (17.7%), use of oral rehydration therapy (13.9%) and medical treatment of childhood ill-
nesses (17.5%) over the 19-year period. There were declines in proportions with birth interval less than 24
months (3.9%), access to improved sources of drinking water (24.2%), improved toilet facilities (9.0%)
antenatal care (4.5%), skilled delivery (3.0%) while maternal age at childbirth remained unchanged. These
factors increased the death hazards by 4.6% between 1990-2003 but decreased them by 12% between
2003 and 2008. It was concluded that Nigeria has recorded very minimal improvements in birth spacing and
antenatal/delivery care. Poor access to potable drinking water and sewage disposal, and short birth intervals,
are among the factors fuelling childhood mortality risks. Further improvements in these environmental and
health practices as well as other factors are recommended as strategies for promoting child survival in
Nigeria.
Keywords: Under-five mortality, determinants, trends, effects, Nigeria
| 4 |
Author(s):
Murungaru Kimani, PhD, Milton Njeru, Dr. Gathari Ndirangu.
Page No : 43-52
|
Regional variations in contraceptive use in Kenya: comparison of Nyanza, Coast and Central Provinces!
Abstract
This paper analyses the regional variations in contraceptive use between Central, Nyanza and Coast Prov-
inces in Kenya among currently married, fecund women drawn from the 2008-09 Kenya Demographic and
Health Survey (KDHS) data. Specifically the study examined the role of socio-economic, cultural and demo-
graphic factors in explaining these variations using both bivariate and logistic regression. The analysis con-
firmed the higher use of contraception in Central compared to Nyanza and Coast. Current use of modern
contraceptive methods in Central is 70 percent compared with 39 percent and 37 percent for Nyanza and
Coast respectively. The higher contraceptive use in Central is attributed to the better socio-economic and
cultural environment compared with the other two provinces. Central Province has very few cases of women
with no education, a much lower percentage in the poorest wealth (9.6) category and the highest proportion
in monogamous unions (97.1). The higher socio-economic status and better cultural environment has in turn
created a favourable environment for the use of contraception through the intervening variables of knowledge
on family planning and fertility preferences. The logistic regression results suggest that differences in contra-
ceptive use between the three provinces could be narrowed by increasing the level of education in Coast and
overcoming traditional practices such as polygyny in both Nyanza and Coast. Although mortality is still
important, its effect has declined. However, the unexpected finding that contraceptive use is higher in rural
areas of Central and Nyanza Provinces suggests further research to understand what could be responsible for
the reversal.
Keywords: Modern, contraceptive use, regions, variations
| 5 |
Author(s):
John S. Afaha.
Page No : 53-69
|
Migration, remittance and development in origin countries: evidence from Nigeria
Abstract
Migration (international or local migration) of individuals/workers is viewed as a channel through which
workers’ remittances have become a major source of income for developing countries; resources are repatri-
ated from the source country to service foreign nationals or home economy while it creates an internal brain
drain between local migrants and likely an increased outmigration of workers/individuals. However, little is
still known about their impact on the economic development in the origin countries. This paper analyses
whether, and to what extent, these downsides of international migration of workers affects origin countries.
Consequently, using a household survey-based and secondary sources dataset our results show that remit-
tances in Nigeria are positively and significantly viable in their contribution to economic growth (proxy by
gross domestic product) in some Sub-Saharan African countries and have reduced poverty to some extent.
Keywords: Remittances, economic growth, migration, development, Nigeria.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Nicole De Wet.
Page No : 70-78
|
Parent absenteeism and adolescent work in South Africa: An analysis of the levels and determinants of adolescents who work 10 or more hours a week
Abstract
Using data from the 2010 Survey of Activities of Young People (SAYP) this paper examines the relationship
between parent absenteeism and adolescents’ (10-17 years old) participation in the labour force in South
Africa. Due to widespread poverty and the impact of HIV/AIDS, adolescents are forced to forego schooling to
seek employment. As Stanton et al. (2004) posited, parent absenteeism affects adolescents’ schoo! comple-
tion rates and is associated with risky behaviour. This paper argues that parent absenteeism also forces ado-
lescents to seek employment. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression are used. Results
show that 1.58 adolescents per 1,000 adolescent population work 10 or more hours a week. Further, 38.7%
of adolescents have at least one parent absent from the household. Almost 2% of adolescents who have at
least one parent absent are not enrolled in school. Finally, adolescents are less likely to work more than 10
hours a week if a mother is absent from the household (0.34), yet more likely to work more than 10 hours if
a father is absent (1.21).
Keywords: Adolescents; absent parents; employment; logistic regression; Survey of Activities of
Young People; odds ratios
| 7 |
Author(s):
Eric O. Udjo.
Page No : 79-88
|
Magnitudes of South Africa’s labour market, 2002-2020 and social implications
Abstract
-
| 8 |
Author(s):
Akanni Ibukun Akinyemi, Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe.
Page No : 239-248
|
Demographic dynamics and development in Nigeria: Issues and perspectives
Abstract
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and has a very high population momentum with an annual
growth rate of 3.2 per cent per annum. This momentum can be a panacea for development and economic
growth if well harnessed. The focus of the article is to provide an overview of population dynamics in Nigeria
with a view to situating this within a broader context of contemporary population and development dis-
course. The article benefited immensely from secondary data sources and desk review of evidence.
Keywords: Nigeria, population, development, people
Résumé
Le Nigeria est le pays le plus peuplé d'Afrique et d'une dynamique de population trés élevée, avec un taux de
croissance annuel de 3,2 pour cent par an. Cette dynamique peut étre une panacée pour le développement
et la croissance économique si bien exploité. L'objectif de cet article est de donner un apergu de la dynami-
que de !a population au Nigeria en vue de situer cela dans un contexte plus large de la population contempo-
raine et discours sur le développement. L'article a bénéficié immensément de sources de données
secondaires et l'examen de Ia réception de Ia preuve..
Mots clés : Le Nigéria, la population, le développement, et la population
