| 1 |
Author(s):
Charles Ochola Omondi, E.H.O. Ayiemba.
Page No :
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Fertility Differentials in Kenya: The Effect of Female Migration
Abstract
This study uses the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) data conducted in
1988/89.The hypothesis of the paper is that women who migrate tend to maximise their other
lifetime aspirations at the expense of their reproductive roles and performance. That is, female
migrants are involved in behaviours and practices that negatively influence fertility relative
to non-migrants. The analysis shows that through the influence of migration on fertility,
reproductive behaviour and performance is modified; migration is a mechanism through
which the changes observed in fertility behaviour and levels can be explained. The influence of
migration on fertility levels is estimated using two procedures: the comparison of the mean
CEB and multivariate analysis. The study demonstrated that there is an inverse relationship
between migration and the number of children ever born.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Samuel Gaisie .
Page No : 1-24
|
Fertility Trend in Ghana
Abstract
The study traces the likely route of the movement of fertility through the demographic transition. The
information is critical for construction of population projections as well as for monitoring and evaluating
action programmes The original P/F ratio method and modified versions, one through the intermediary of
relational Gompertz model , for analysing birth history data, are employed in assessing data quality as well
as in determining fertility levels and trends. The derived estimates suggest that the level of fertility in Ghana
fell from about seven children per woman in the 1960s and 1970s to 4.6 children per woman by the turn of
the 20th century. The pace of the decline, slowed down considerably between the late1990s and the
beginning of this century when the total fertility rate dropped from 4.8 to 4.6 The changing youth
population, substantial increase in the number of females aged 15-49 years, increasing aging population
and the huge discrepancy between contraceptive use and the level of fertility are some of the crucial issues
that call for policy options and research-based evidence for designing context specific development strategies
and action programmes
| 3 |
Author(s):
L.A. Adeokun, O.A.Ladipo, P. Kanki, G.E. Delano, A. Carrington and C.O. Odimegwu1.
Page No : 44-63
|
The Role of HIV/AIDS Prevention Campaigns on HIVRelated Behavioural Changes in Ibadan, Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined the impact of sources of AIDS education on HIV-related behavioural
changes, and its implications for HIV prevention and service delivery in Nigeria. We analysed
cross-sectional data obtained from a structured face-to-face interview with 1,373 respondents aged
15-50, who have ever had sex in Ibadan, Nigeria. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, its route of
transmission and prevention strategies was high. About 20 % of the respondents were exposed to
the AIDS prevention campaigns. A majority reported sexual behavioral changes, which included
restriction of sex partners, use of condoms, sexual abstinence and avoidance of casual sex. Thirtynine percent took some steps to reduce risk of infection by avoiding transfusion with unscreened
blood and testing for HIV status. Using multiple logistic regressions, the factors affecting the
reported changes were identified. The application of health belief model shows that the model
cannot wholly explain the changes in behavior. The role of female powerlessness in safer sex
decision-making is noted. Despite the limitations of the study, the need for a sustained AIDS
prevention campaign is stressed. The implications of the study for AIDS programs and research
are highlighted.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Frédéric KOBELEMBI.
Page No : 66-99
|
Le comportement sexuel des adolescents à Bangui (RCA)
Abstract
La sexualité des adolescents est devenue un sujet de préoccupation de santé publique, avec
l’extension du SIDA au cours de ces dernières années, particulièrement en milieu urbain.
Quels sont les déterminants des pratiques sexuelles des adolescents ? Pourquoi certaines
pratiques peuvent-elles être qualifiées de comportements à risque ? Dans quelles mesures les
politiques de santé publique pourront-elles résoudre les problèmes liés à ces pratiques
sexuelles ? C’est pour apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions que l’enquête sur le
comportement sexuel a été menée auprès de 806 adolescents filles et garçons dans la ville de
Bangui. Huit discussions de groupes ont été également organisées avec ces adolescents et
leurs parents. Les principaux résultats sont les suivants : la première expérience sexuelle est
vécue entre 15 et 16 ans respectivement chez les filles et chez les garçons ; près de la moitié
des enquêtés sont sexuellement actifs une fois par semaine ; plus de quatre adolescents sur
cinq connaissent les conséquences néfastes des rapports sexuels précoces (grossesses non
désirées, MST, SIDA) ; un adolescent sur deux a eu son dernier rapport sexuel protégé. Les
résultats de l’analyse multivariée montrent que les chances d’utilisation des préservatifs sont
plus réduites chez les moins jeunes (12-14 ans) que chez les plus âgés (15-19 ans), tandis que
le milieu de socialisation de l’enfant (Bangui ou autre) n’a aucun effet significatif sur
l’utilisation des préservatifs. La fréquentation des structures d’éducation sexuelle, la
communication en matière de sexualité avec les parents et le multi partenariat sont les
principaux déterminants de l’utilisation des préservatifs.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Gael Le Jeune, Victor Piché , Jean Poirier.
Page No : 101-123
|
L’émergence d’une migration féminine autonome du milieu rural vers le milieu urbain au Burkina FASO ?
Abstract
Dans cet article, nous utilisons les données de l’enquête nationale "Dynamique migratoire,
insertion urbaine et environnement au Burkina Faso – 2000" pour vérifier l'hypothèse de
l'émergence d'une migration féminine autonome du milieu rural vers le milieu urbain au
Burkina Faso. La migration "autonome" est définie comme une migration visant à satisfaire
des objectifs économiques individuels. Nous montrons que la migration autonome n’explique
que partiellement la recrudescence des migrations de femmes célibataires du milieu rural vers
le milieu urbain. Les migrations de femmes mariées, qui restent prépondérantes entre le
milieu rural et le milieu urbain au Burkina Faso, répondent essentiellement, quant à elles, à
des impératifs familiaux. Cependant, on observe que le mariage avec un migrant peut, dans
certains cas, répondre à des objectifs économiques individuels. Finalement, les changements
relevés apparaissent assez subtiles et s’inscrivent plutôt dans la continuité.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Sitawa R. Kimuna.
Page No : 143-163
|
Living Arrangements and Conditions of Older People in Zimbabwe
Abstract
This research uses data from the 1994-1995 Zimbabwe Aging Survey complemented by the 1999
Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey to examine living arrangements and conditions of
older people in Zimbabwe. Living arrangements in Zimbabwe are similar to those found in other
sub-Saharan African countries. Older people are likely to be living with other kin and in a variety
of arrangements involving family members. To determine gender preference for co-resident with
children and other kin, we adjust living arrangement patterns for sex, dominant proportion of
living children and marital status. Data show that older people with living adult children are more
likely to co-reside with kin. However, older people with a dominant proportion of married children
are significantly (p<0.01) less likely to co-reside with married children. Furthermore, households
headed by older women are significantly (p<0.001) less likely to co-reside with kin.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Henry V. Doctor, Alexander A. Weinreb.
Page No : 165-177
|
Mortality among Married Men in Rural Kenya and Malawi
Abstract
Using prospective longitudinal data, this article describes recent changes in the levels of adult
mortality among married men aged 20–59 in selected rural areas of Malawi and Kenya, and in the
age pattern of their mortality. Sampled areas have, respectively, moderate and high HIV
prevalence. The observed annual probability of dying for males interviewed in an initial wave of
each study and then reported as deceased in follow-up interviews is 0.031 in Nyanza and 0.016 in
Malawi. Compared to life table estimates for equivalent age groups generated from Kenya’s 1989
census and Malawi’s 1987 census, these results represent a 3-fold increase over 1980s census
levels. These changes have reduced life expectancy at age 20 by about 14 years in Nyanza and 7
years in Malawi. Observed mortality is consistent with a younger age of HIV infection in Nyanza.
Sample characteristics suggest that these levels underestimate the total effect of AIDS on
mortality.
