1 |
Author(s):
SteUaO. BABALOLA.
Page No :
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS, CONJUGAL RELATIONS AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN URBAN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
Abstract
The relationship between contraceptive use and fertility has been
well documented in demographic and related literature. Since Davis
and Blake identified this factor as one of the intermediate determinants
of fertility, many studies based on aggregate and individual-level data
have confirmed the prominent role played by contraception in
determining the level of fertility. Indeed, it is through contraception
that an increasing number of women all over the world are achieving
the desired interval between births and successfully limiting the number
of their offspring.
2 |
Author(s):
Joseph UYANGA.
Page No : 1-19
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MIGRATION DIFFERENTIALS AMONG NIGERIAN PROFESSIONALS
Abstract
According to the free market model of population mobility,
differences in the reward structure operate to draw workers from less
rewarding to more rewarding work activities and places; changes in this
structure are therefore likely to affect occupational and geographical
mobility.
During the 1970s Nigeria experienced a tremendous economic
expansion owing to the oil boom. This led to accelerated demand for
professionals throughout the economy. During the same period the
creation of more states spread economic activities throughout the
country and effected the relocation of professionals. Studies have
documented the fact that professionals earn more than other groups of
workers in Nigeria. But what perhaps has not yet been adequately
studied is the geographic movement of these professionals in response
to changing economic conditions. For instance, how extensive has
been their movement from the public to the private sector, or between
States? What factors explain the differentials among various
professional groups? Which are characterized by long-distance
movement and which are not?
3 |
Author(s):
Nicole BELLA.
Page No : 20-57
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CAMEROUN : DE L’ENCOURAGEMENT DES NAISSANCES A LA MAITRISE DE LA FECONDITE CAUSES ET CONSEQUENCES DE L’EVOLUTION OBSERVEE
Abstract
Le Cameroun, comme la plupart des pays d’Afrique noire,
connait une situation demographique qui, sans etre pour le moment
dramatique, n ’en inquiete pas moins les autorites gouvernementales de
ce pays. En effet, le taux d ’accroissement naturel y etait estime a
2,92% en moyenne par an en 1987 (resultat provisoire du 2kme
recensement de la population, qui a eu lieu a cette date). Cette forte
croissance demographique est le resultat d’une natalite elevee et
constante (43,4 pour mille en 1987) et d’une mortalite plus faible et en
baisse (14 pour mille en 1987). Le taux d’accroissement a connu une
evolution vers la hausse puisqu’il etait de 2,2% dans les annees 60.
Cette evolution risque de se poursuivre si les tendances actuelles de la
mortalite et de la natalite se maintiennent.
4 |
Author(s):
Djamba Yanyi KASONGO.
Page No : 58-72
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SPOUSES’ SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of spouses’ education, fertility
desires, and marital characteristics on contraceptive use in Kinshasa,
Zaire. The results reveal that, while family planning services focus
their activities exclusively on women, husbands’ education and fertility
desire are very important in explaining the use of birth control in
marriage. This male role is crucial in understanding fertility patterns
in Africa, where the major familial decisions are made by the husband.
The persistence of high fertility in Africa despite the
implementation of family planning has defied both researchers and
organizations concerned about the growth of population (Ezeh, 1992).
While prior studies attributed low rates of contraceptive use to a lack
of information among potential users (Uche, 1972), current data
suggest that knowledge is not a determinate factor of birth control
(Blanc and Croft, 1992). Instead, in some cases increases in
knowledge about and practice of modern contraception have been
accompanied by a rise in fertility and natural increase (Dow and
Werner, 1981).
As with any other innovation, the success of birth control
depends on the identification of social units intervening in decisions on
material reproduction, for cultural effects operate through those
channels. But as of now there is no agreement about which unit to
consider in studies on contraceptive use in Africa, probably because of
the theoretical predominance of the Western model of the family.
For some scholars, husband and wife belong to the lineages of
their families of origin and should be treated separately (Lesthaeghe,
1989; Marshall, 1970). Others locate the reproductive decision with
the dominate spouse’s family, away from the biological parents
(Caldwell, 1983). We believe, however, that each of these social units