1 |
Author(s):
Dr Christiana OKOJIE.
Page No : 1-20
|
PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS AND FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS IN BENDEL STATE, NIGERIA
Abstract
The paper examines the contribution of proximate determinants to the
understanding of rural-urban and ethnic fertility differentials in Bendel
State of Nigeria. The Bongaarts model provides a framework for analyzing
the relationships between fertility and its proximate determinants.
The results of the analysis showed that durations of breastfeeding, amenorrhoea and postpartum sexual abstinence are relatively short in Bendel
State compared with some other ethnic groups in Nigeria. Higher education,
urban residence and participation in modern sector employment are associated with shorter duration of breastfeeding, amenorrhoea and postpartum sexual abstinence and greater use of contraception.
Although the findings of the study suggest that the Bongaarts model will
yield better results if applied to large samples, the analysis shows that
differences in proximate determinants help to explain fertility differentials.
Thus the near equality between fertility levels in urban and rural centres is
arrived at through different combinations of proximate indices. Findings
suggest the need for a vigorous family planning information programme to
improve knowledge about the benefits of smaller families and practice of
family planning
2 |
Author(s):
Adekunbi Kehinde OM IDEYI (Ph.D.) .
Page No : 21-37
|
WOMEN’S POSITION, CONJUGAL RELATIONSHIPS AND FERTILITY BEHAVIOUR AMONG THE YORUBA
Abstract
One of the effects of modernisation on societies of the developing world is
the patterning of marriage after the "Western" style and the increasing
nucleation of the family (Caldwell 1977). Hence the development (in urban
centres and in some rural areas) of the small family comprising the couple
and their children with the occasional housemaid or relation. The implication
of this development is the fact that fertility decisions are increasingly
being made by the couple alone and for this reason conjugal relationships
are likely to play a more important role in deciding which direction fertility
should move.
3 |
Author(s):
Olukunle ADEGBOLA, Helena CHOJNACKA.
Page No : 37-53
|
ADULT MORBIDITY DIFFERENTIALS IN LAGOS, 1968-1978
Abstract
The rapid rate of growth of contemporary African cities creates appalling
and chronic overcrowding and deterioration of facilities available both
within individual houses and in the cities themselves. The poor environmental conditions are inimical to health. Of recent, the environmental degradation has been aggravated by various kinds of pollution associated with
the machine age. As the industrial development of the cities progresses,
their inhabitants enter the urban-industrial labour force in large numbers.
The tempo and tension of city life concomitant on the new social roles
(particularly industrial employment) give city-dwellers repeated exp
4 |
Author(s):
R. Mansell PROTHERO.
Page No : 55-68
|
MIGRATION AND HEALTH
Abstract
Relationships between population movements and health are recognised in
the literature of the social and the biomedical sciences. These relationships
are manifest in the following examples.
a) The effects of movements on the transmission of disease and their
impacts on programmes for disease control, both of which may be illustrated
in historical and contemporary experience. The former are exemplified in the
sleeping sickness epidemics of the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
particularly in east and central Africa - people moved, settlements were
deserted, population was redistributed and new ecological conditions and
patterns of population/land relationships emerged (Ford 1971). The latter are
exemplified in attempts to achieve malaria control, with limited success
among rural populations, particularly in savanna areas of Africa (Moluneaux
and Guamiccia 1980), in the more successful major onchocerciasis control
programme in the Volta River headwaters and adjacent parts of West Africa
during the last two decades (Remme and Zonzo 1989), and in studies of the
as yet only partially understood spread of AIDS.
b) The effects of movements on the physical and mental conditions of
those who move. These effects are especially relevant in the rural-urban
movements which are common throughout Africa. Physical stress is caused,
for example, by changes in patterns of food consumption with resultant
undernutrition and malnutrition (especially if the transition to urban life is
accompanied by under-and un-employment and deprivation). Mental stress is
caused by exchanging close and intense personal contacts in rural life for
the relative anonymity of urban life with deprivation of such contacts. The
impact of both these sets of stresses is mitigated by the maintenance of
urban-rural contacts and by the development of urban support systenis
which have rural origins.
c) The effects of movements on the need for, the nature of and the
provision of health services - in both rural and urban areas: with the
relative neglect of the former and emphasis on the latter. There are also
the particular needs of traditionally mobile rural people such as nomadic
pastoralists
5 |
Author(s):
KOUAME Aka.
Page No : 69-94
|
CONTRIBUTION A LA DEMOGRAPHY fflSTORIQUE OUEST AFRICAINE : UNE ETUDE DES MIGRATIONS BURKIN ABE VERS LE GHANA ET LA COTE D’IVOIRE PENDANT LA PERIODE COLONIALE (1)
Abstract
G'est maintenant un fait bien connu : la societe burkinabe se caracterise
par une forte mobilite spatiale de sa population. L'intensite de cette
migration burkinabe s'exprime tant a l'interieur qu'a l'exterieur des frontieres du pays, et cela depuis la periode coloniale. Un autre fait assez
connu est l'importance des destinations ivoirienne et ghaneenne dans les
migrations voltaiques. Pendant longtemps, le Ghana avait ete la destination
principale de l'emigration des Burkinabe. Mais a un moment donne de la
periode coloniale, la Cote d'Ivoire s'est substitute au Ghana pour devenir le
lieu principal d'accueil des emigrants burkinabe. Ce relai n'est certainement
pas du au hasard. C'est probablement le resultat d'un processus historique
dont il conviendrait de connaitre les mecanismes.
De nombreuses etudes sur les migrations voltaiques ont evoque le changement intervenu dans ce double reseau migratoire (Clairin, 1973 ; Gregory,
1974 ; Coulibaly, 1978 ; Conde et Zacharia, 1980 ; Coulibaly et al., 1981...).
Parmi les auteurs cites, certains pretendent que ce changement est survenu
vers 1935 (Clairin, 1973 ; Conde et Zacharia, 1980). En effet selon Conde et
Zacharia (1980)
"... Until 1935, the Ivory Coast was second only to Ghana in
its economic attractiveness. Ever since then it has remained
the major destination of Upper Volta nationals".
(1) Cet article est extrait du memoire de maitrise de l'auteur intitule
"L'importance du Ghana et de la Cote d'Ivoire dans les migrations voltaiques" et qui a ete dirige par Joel Gregory que la mort a enleve a notre
affection le 29 juillet 1988. Cet article est dedie a sa memoire.
6 |
Author(s):
LUTUTALA Mumpasi.
Page No : 95-113
|
MIGRATIONS ET DEVELOPPEMENT EN AFRIQUE QUELQUES ASPECTS METHODOLOGIQUES
Abstract
On dispose presentement de plusieurs travaux sur les aspects methodologiques des migrations africaines, notamment sur la qualite des sources de
donnees, les limites des methodes classiques d'analyse demographique, les
limites du concept meme de migration, mais moins sur le role de la migration
dans le processus de developpement. Ces travaux ne sont pas seulement
l'oeuvre des auteurs individuels, des organisations comme la Communaute
Economique pour l'Afrique (CEA) ou les Nations Unies (Division de Population) ont aussi publie des etudes sur ces aspects. La CEA, par exemple, a
consacre trois numeros - n° 14, 15 et 17 - du BIS (Bulletin d'Information
Statistique) aux migrations.
De tous ces travaux, trois syntheses-critiques relativement recentes (Bilsborrow, 1979; Gregory et Piche, 1985 et Simmons, 1985) restent des references
obligees pour toute nouvelle reflexion methodologique sur les migrations
africaines. D'autres etudes sont egalement a retenir pour certains aspects
particuliers des migrations, notamment celui de Gregory (1989) sur les
questions methodologiques de l'etude de l'insertion des migrants en ville.